ვერის უბნის ადათ-წესები

verisubnis adaT-wesebi.

                       

  verisubnis upirvelesi adaTi urTierTgatana iyo. aq ar SeiZleboda Cemia-Senioba, kuTxuroba, karCaketiloba, erovnuli SuRli.yvela saqmes TbilisSi Tavisi amqari hyavda. maT didxans Zerwes Tbilisuri xasiTi. isini Sua saukuneebidanmoyvebodnen Tbiliss Tavisi ustabaSebiT, axsakalebiT, iRiTbaSebiT. Zmakacobis magaliTic maTi dadgenilia.marto is rad Rirs rom amqari Tavisi Zma-ostatis qvrivs naRd Zmobas uwevda. weliwadSi erTxel TbilisSi amqris qvriv-oblebisaTvis Sila flavi ixarSeboda da veres sanapiroze an veris edemSi patiosani puri iWmeboda, wlidan wlamde ki oblebs zrunva ar akldaT. amqrebi monawileobas iRebdnen sxvadasxva saero da saeklesio dResaswaulebSi. sazeimo ceremonialis dros amqars win medudukeebi miuZRodnen, Semdeg medroSeni da a.S. 1893 wels adgilobrivma xelisuflebam amqarTa es sazeimo svlebi akrZala. amieridan Tbilisis amqars sagangebo nebarTvis da gankargulebis gareSe Tavisi droSiT quCaSi gamosvla da sxvadasxva sazeimo ceremonialSi monawileobis miReba ekrZaleboda. magaliTad xarazebis amqris droSaze gamosaxuli iyo wminda elia, vinaidan, gadmocemiT TviT eliac xarazi yofila; durglebis amqris droSaze –qriste , rogorc durglis Svili. (droSebis suraTebi)

 zafxulobiT, yovel kvira dRes, amqari saseirnod gadioda qalaqgareT, veris baRebSi.am seirnobaSi xelosanTa mxolod erTi dargis amqari iRebda monawileobas. amqars win miuZRoda ustabaSi, Tan axldaT damkvrelebi;medudukeebi,anda mezurneebi. isini dakvra-dakvriT  Semoivlidnen Zveli Tbilisis quCebs, gzadazga SeierTebdnen amqris sxva wevrebsac da Semdeg gavidodnen qalaqgareT, veris napirze Camosxdebodnen, purmarils gaSlidnen lxinobdnen.iviwyebdnen yoveldRiur Wirvaramsa da mTeli kviris najaf sxeuls asvenebdnen. aqve unda vaxsenoT menaxSireebis saqmianobac, vinaidan isinic amqarSi iyvnen gaerTianebuli;erTad wvavdnen naxSirs da mogebul fulsac Tanabrad iyofdnen, xolo tyis mepatrones gamosawvavi ormodan kviraSi erTi godori naxSiris safasurs uxdidnen.

  Tbilisis maxloblad mdebare soflebSi, sagangebod gamarTul ormoebSi iwvoda xis naxSiri. sayuradReboa rom sofel wyneTTan, verisxevis marcxena mxareze, aris adgili, romelsac dResac naxSirgora ewodeba. albaT qalaqi am adgilas gamomwvari naxSiriTac maragdeboda. 

  Tbilisis da Sesabamisad veris adaT-wesebs organulad daukavSirda aq saukuneebis manZilze mcxovrebi sxvadasxva eris warmomadgenelTa tradiciebi da dResaswaulebi.

Tbiliseli azerbaijanelebi ZiriTadad musulmanur dResaswaulebs aRniSnaven mTvaris kalendris mixedviT. TiTqmis yvela dResaswauli paraskevs imarTeba. Musulmanuri religiiT es iseTive gansakuTrebuli dRea, rogorc ebraelebisTvis SabaTi da qristianebisaTvis kvira. yvelaze gavrcelebuli dResaswaulia uraza bairam-30 dRiani marxvis dResaswauli, yurban bairam-msxverplSewirva, novruz bairam-samyaros gaRviZeba, mavlid –winaswarmetyvelis dabadebis dRis aRniSvna. rogorc samgloviaro dRe aRiniSneba ,,aSura-muhamedis SviliSvilis huseinis daRupvis dRe.

azerbaijanelTa saqorwino yofa islamis normebiTaa reglamentirebuli. es gansakuTrebiT mJRavndeboda sufrasa da tradiciuli xonCis SemadgenlobaSi Rvinisa da spirtiani sasmelebis akrZalvaSi, aseve sasuliero piris, molis , monawileobaSi saqorwino ritualis am etapze. bolo xanebSi xSiria moderzinebuli qorwilebi(ritualebis sasaxleebSi, restornebSi).Cveulebriv movlenas warmoadgens spirtiani sasmelebis moxmareba, qalebisa da mamakacebis erTad lxini. qaliSvilisaTvis saTanado mziTevis gawyobas azerbaijanelebi ojaxis Rirsebis saqmed miiCnevdnen. mziTevi qalis pirad sakuTrebad iTvleboda da ojaxSi materialur keTildReobas xmardeboda.

 yvelaze arqaulad miCneulia dakrZalvis ceremoniali. micvalebuls mzis Casvlamde marxavdnen.misi sulis mosaxsenieblad awyobdnen qelexs, romelzec sagangebo rbil lavaSebs, ,,aratiCs,acxobdnen.

   Tbilisis midamoebSi somxebis Camosaxleba xdeba me-12 -13 saukuneebSi da mas Semdeg isini gansakuTrebul elfers sZenen qalaqis yofas. somxebisaTvis didi saxalxo zeimi iyo axali weli, wyalkurTxeva, subsarqisoba, aRdgoma, vardavari, amaRleba da mariamoba. metad popularuli dResaswaulia wminda sarqisoba(surb sarqisi). somxuri qristianuli wmindanis saxeli ukavSirdeba siyvarulsa da ocnebebis axdenas. am dRes zogierTi axalgazrda marilian kvers Wams, radgan iTvleba, rom mowyurebuls vinc sizmarSi wyals miawvdis is iqneba sabedo. qorwinebisTvis Suamavali molaparakebas awarmoebda qal-vaJis ded-mamas Soris. niSnobaSi vaJis mxare miitanda oqros beWeds, samkaulebs, yvavilebis Taiguls kenti raodenobiT. Semdegi etapi iyo qorwili jer qalis, xolo  Semdeg vaJis ojaxSi. aucilebeli iyo axaldaqorwinebulTa dasaCuqreba. Tanac xmamaRla acxadebdnen vin ra saCuqari moitana.

somxur yofaSi didi adgili uWiravs micvalebulis movla –gapatiosnebas. adre gardacvlils mxolod erTi dRe aCerebdnen saxlSi, mere ki el;esiaSi gadaiyvandnen. amJamad eklesiaSi gadayvana iSviaTia, magram aucilebelia mRvdlis ojaxSi miyvana wesis asagebad. Ormocs akeTeben ara meormoce aramed 39-e,an 41-e dRes.

  qurT-iezidTa ZiriTadi masa, dasabamisad glexebi, saqarTveloSi gadmosaxlebis Semdeg, qalaqis mcxovreblad iqca. bevri dResaswauli dakargul iqna, magram ZiriTadi maTgani maT axsovdaT da icavdnen. pirveli da umravresi dResaswaulia ,,roJie ezidi, romelic RmerTs eZRvneba. sami dRis marxvas icaven. meoTxe dRes zeimoben ,,aida ezids. am dResaswaulis mTavari komponentia micvalebulTa wili saWmlis gatana.

  Mმartis pirvel oTxSabaTs, yovel ojaxSi acxoben kuliCs, romelSic mZivs an monetas deben. meore dRes diliT, ojaxis ufrosi axsenebs RmerTs da Wris mas. Tavdapirvelad namcxvris SuaSi dausvamen danas, amas ewodeba,,xata joti, anu ,,guTnis kvali.visac ergeba mZivi an moneta is RmerTisagan kurTxeuli iqneba. TbilisSi Camisaxlebuli qurTebi saxldebodnen imis mixedviT, rogorc Tavis samSobloSi cxovrobdnen,anu Tanasoflelebi cdilobdnen dasaxlebliyvnen erT quCaze. Zveli tradiciuli elementebi Semonaxulia qorwinebaSi. daculia mziTevi da saqorwino gadasaxadi. Tbilisuri cxovrebis erT-erTi koloriti iyo narferebiT gawyobili qurTuli tansacmeli.

  verisubnis yofas alamazebden Tbiliseli asirielebi. maTi tradiciebi qarTvelebis msgavsia. gansakuTrebuli zeimiT aRniSnaven wminda mariamobas ,,Sara de mat mariam, 28 agvistos didubis eklesiaSi da wminda giorgobas ,,maravajiz aprilSi da 28 noembers qaSveTis eklesiaSi. 

   ,,Zveli Tbilisi, raRac gansakuTrebuli, Taviseburi samyaro iyo. igi hgavda mxiarul saqorwino sufras, sadac xalxebi da tomebi nadimze iyvnen miwveuli, werda qarTveli poetebis amqari ovanes Tumaniani. am nadimze Tavis sityvas ambobdnen veris koloritebi; somexi mejxane akofa, ebraeli mequde isaka, qarTvel-qurTebi;ado, ToRar bro, romelmac ,,vefxistyaosani’ qurtulad Targmna, osi milicioneri kosta, meqise hasana da kidev mravali sxva, romlebmac kacobis da Tbiliselobis ubadlo magaliTi aCveneს.

yovel dResaswauls Tan axlda qarTuli Widaoba. sadac xalxmravloba iyo ,ucbad moulodnelad zurna ,,aWyvitindeboda, da gaismoda romelime sacekvao hangi. es iyo Taviseburi xerxi xalxis yuradRebis misaqcevad. TandaTan damkvrelebis garSemo Seikribeboda xalxis wre. sad iyo da sad ara , gamoCndeboda msaji, xelSi saxriT da mayurebels sTxovda wre gaefarTovebinaT. Tan fexebTan saxres urtyamda. Semdeg zurna sacekvaodan saWidao hangze gadadioda. da ai ,gairRveoda mayurebelTa wre da mis SuagulSigamoCndeboda saWidao CoxaSi gamowyobili moWidave, mas meorec mohyveboda da xalxis da erTmaneTis misalmebis Semdeg iwyeboda Serkineba. Serkinebis damTavrebis Semdeg gaxurebul kunTebs Caciebuli RviniT igrilebdnen. etliT mieSurebodnen qalaqis romelime duqanSi da iq ilxendnen.

 
 verisubanSi, fiqris goraze saWidao adgili iyo, sadac imarTeboda Sejibrebebi cnobil falavnebs Soris, romelTa Soris iyo SaSo vereli(aleqsandre kaxniaSvili).igi 17-18 wlis asakSi rogorc moxalise xSirad gamodioda fiqris goraze, xudadovis tyeSi, xojevanqsa da vakeSi gamarTul Sejibrebebze. Tavisi cxovrebis manZilze mas bevri brwyinvale gamarjveba aqvs mopovebuli cnobil falavnebTan, romelTagan aRsaniSnavia luka dadianiZe, giorgi odiSvili, kote da vaso calqamaniZeebi, niko tiRaSvili.

 kargi moWidave iyo SaSos umcrosi Zma giorgi(,,patara vereli"), romelic Tavis Zmis kvals gahyva da bevri SesaniSnavi gamarjveba moipova sportuli cxovrebis manZilze. man Widaoba jer kidev 13-14 wlisam daiwyo. misi sayvareli saasparezo adgilebi iyo veris sasaflao da fiqris gora, sadac qarTul Widaobas TiTqmis yovel kviras eswreboda saqarTvelos cnobili falavani kosta maisuraZe da qarTveli xalxis sayvareli momRerali da sportsmeni lado kavsaZe. Giorgi Widaobis dros mixra-moxras SaSosaviT musikis taqts ayolebda, rac ufro sainteresos xdida mis asparezobas. patara tanis miuxedavad, giorgis Tavisi ostatobiT bevri cnobili moWidave daumarcxebia, maT Soris tiRa gldaneli, ioseb mejvrisxeveli, mixa naxalovkeli da sxv. qarTuli Widaobis garda, giorgi xSirad Rebulobda monawileobas agreTve frangul Widaobasic. gamodioda esikovskis cirkSi da quTaTelaZis droebiT cirkSi.

  verisubnis adaT-wesebs organulad erwymoda TamaSobebi, romelTac mTeli vera mihqonda;alCu, Toxani, Tafi, jiki, pawkipoi, paJara, mrgvali viri, lentaoba, xaSniki, laxti, fanti, boTlis triali, qalaqobana, klasobana, salkaoba, kenwlaoba, xelis gadaweva, aidosto, sityva-pasuxi.
Zveli Tbilisis erT-erTi saintereso sanaxaoba iyo yoCebis Widili , romelic bazris moedanze imarTeboda sadResaswaulo ceremonialis an misi damTavrebis Semdeg. saWidaod yaraCoReli winaswar yidulobda karg erkemals, saxlSi hyavda dabmuli da asuqebda, Tan yoCobas aswavlida. roca kargad gawvrTnida rqebs gadaugrexda, qeriT daaTrobda, yelze ferad bafTs Seabamda, Subls endroTi SeuRebavda da moedanze dasaWideblad waiyvanda.moednis SuagulSi yoCis patroni mezobeli duqnidan saasparezod iwvevda meore yoCis patrons. yoCebs erTmaneTisagan daSorebiT ayenebdnen. isini erTxans Tavdaxrilebi aTvalierebdnen erTmaneTs. mayureblebi yiJiniT aqezebdnen maT. xalxis Rriancelze yoCebi elvasaviT swydebodnen adgils da erTmaneTs SubliT askdebodnen.

yoCebis Widili mTavrdeboda qalaqis romelime duqanSi, sadac gamarjvebuli da damarcxebuli yoCebis patronebs ,,arigebdnen. 

saxalxo Teatri-veris auditoria-me 19 saukunis dasawyisidan TbilisSi didgvarovanTa ojaxebSi,kerZo iniciativiT imarTeboda e. w. ,,cocxali suraTebi, dramatuli warmodgenebi, amave dros mZlavri iyo qarTuli xalxuri sanaxaobis tradicia-TviTmoqmedi dramatuli xelovneba Znelbedobis Jams inaxavda profesiuli Teatris tradiciebs. erT-erTi iyo veris saxalxo Teatri, veris auditoria. 1888 wels saxelosno saswavleblis moswavlis a. baqraZis iniciativiT scenis moyvarulebma erT-erT kerZo binaSi dadges or moqmedebiani piesa-,,kapiuSoni, pirveli warmodgena veraze.meore piesa ,,rac ginaxavs veRar naxav, dadges erT-erTiscenismoyvaris saxlis ezoSi,sadac Sesvla ufaso iyo. sakuTari ZalebiT daamzades scenis farda, kulisebi da dekoraciebi. iniciatorebma wyneTis quCaze g. baqraZis kuTvnili, jer daumTavrebeli Senoba patronis TanxmobiT,,moasufTaves, moawyves saTeatro da axal binaze gamarTes 10 warmodgena(bileTebi 5-15 kapikad iyideboda)

  2 warmodgena kukiaze gamarTes, 1 CuRureTSi , anton furcelaZis saxlSi. veris auditoria ki daiSala, radgan patronma saxli daibruna. scenis moyvarulebi gadavidnen olRas quCaze(axl. m. kostavas quCa). Ffostis gverdiT mdebare bebuTovis saxlSi, sadac Teatri ,,globusi iyo Sesaxlebuli. სcenismoyvareni aq marTavdnen qarTul da rusul warmodgenebs. reJisori iyo a. nebieriZe. bileTebi iyideboda 5 kapikad da xelmisawvdomi iyo ubralo xalxisaTvis, magram Teatrma xarjebs ver gauZlo, saswavleblis moswavleebmac saswavleblis damTavrebis Semdeg datoves scena. Teatrma iarseba 1890 wlamde.

samzareulo

verisubnisaTvis, iseve rogorc Tbilisis sxva Zveli ubnisaTvis tradiciuli, qarTuli samzareulos gverdiT, damaxasiaTebeli iyo rogorc evropuli, aseve aziuri kerZebi. 

azerbaijanelebi amzadebdnen dolmas, qiufTas, bozbaSs, xaSs.marto flavis ormocamde saxeoba arsebobda(fiT, aS). maTi sakvebi sakmaod msuyea. iyeneben rZis nawarms, gansakuTrebiT cnobilia sawebela naSarabi. azerbaijanelebisaTvis Cais moxmarebis kulturas gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeba ara marto rogorc sasmels, aramed, rogorc urTierTobis,saqmis gadawyvetisa da molaparakebis saqmeSi.

 somxebis tradiciuli sakvebi mzaddeba ZiriTadad saqonlis xorcisagan;qababi, mwvadi, giufTa, Canaxi, bozbaSi, sunjuxi, basTurma, mwvadi, yaurma, xaSlama,tolma.xSiradmzaddeboda tkbilguliani qadebi, popularuli iyo somxuri,,lavaSi, mawoni brinjiT da xorbliT. sasmelebidan xmarobdnen yavas, Cais, koniaks, Rvinos. somxebi amzadebdnen ori saxis yvels-mrgvalsa da CeCils.

qurTul samzareuloSi dominirebs rZis nawarmi da burRuleuli.aseve popularuli sakvebi iyo osuri ,,xabizgina".

  dedaqalaqis diRmis karTan, vercxlis quCis erTi aivniani saxlis qveS, sardafSi berZen baniaTasa da kadakaanT kakalas furne hqondaT. iq rom puri cxveboda, imis suniT xalxi ver Zreboda da daretianebuliviT dadioda xalxi. ,,veris Txel lavaSSi ki ToTo bavSvs gaaxvevdi, rogorac RunRula sabanSi, msgavsi qarTuli puri arsad ar cxveboda,rogorc aq, Cvens verisubanSi. (g. niSnianiZe)

  saintereso cnoba;veraze vinme iuzbaSevs hqonia sakonditro. mis Sesaxeb gazeTi ,,iveria 1877 wlis nomerSi werda;,,konfetebis da xmeli xilis patrons batob iuzbaSevs metad kargi azri mosvlia, rom Tavis konfetebi gauxvevia iseT qaRaldze, romelzedac dabeWdilia sxvadasxva leqsebi,,vefxistyaosnisa, qarTveli sazogadoeba Turme Zalian yidulobs am konfetebs da didis siamovnebiT kiTxulobs konfetis qaRaldze dabeWdil rusTaveli sxvadasxva saandazo leqsebsa. TviT konfetebic kargi Rirsebisaa da arc Zvirad iyideba. ,es Tbilisuri yofis saocari magaliTia.

  

 

 

me- 19 saukunis meore naxevridan Tbilisi iseTi kontrastuli da mravalerovano qalaqi iyo, rom aq Camosul ucxoels aocebda erTsa da imave dros misi aziuroba da evropeloba. Ranairi Cacmulobis, sityva-pasuxis , enisa Tu socialuri mdgomareobis adamians ar SexvdebodiTaqaur Sukebsa da folorcebSi;CixtikopiT Tavdaxurul mandilosansa da Tu Coxa-axaluxSi gamowyobil qarTvel vaJkacs . kurtnian raWvel muSas, romelsac aTvedroiani rumbi zurgze wamougorebia da Rvinos sardafisaken anda bazrisaken miarbeninebs.Casuqebul somexs, Tavze rom ,,moskovuri kartuzi. Xuravs, Sublze bewvis qudCamofxatul leks, eWvianad rom imzireba, TeTrCalmian molas, etlis kofoze wamomjdar duxaborsa Tu malakan meetles, surTukSi gamowyobil rus Cinovniks, polonelebs, germanelebs. TbilisSi mosul da damkvidrebul sxva erisSvils Tan mohqonda Tavisi adaT-wesebi, romlebsac aq adglibrivi qarTuli, qalaquri yofa xvdeboda. xSirad adgilobrivi yofa mosulis wes-Cvevebidan raRacas , romelime elements iTvisebda da mas qalaqur interpretacias aZlevda.

   qristianuli dResaswaulebidan ianvarSi aRiniSneboda wyalkurTxevis dResaswauli. am dRes mRvdeli joxiT xelSi xalxs mdinare mtkvrisken gauZRveboda, sadac sagangebod iyo mowyobili ,,iordane, - wyalTan misasvleli xis xidi. sadResaswaulo svlaSi monawileobas iRebdnen Tbilisis amqrebi TavianTi droSebiTa da qalaqSi ganlagebuli jariT.

 

 gazafxuli yvelaze mdidari iyodResaswaulebiT. misi dadgoma sayovelTao saxalxo zeimiT aRiniSneboda. aprilSi qalaqgareT gadiodnen da mindvrad anda romelime baRSi xis CrdilqveS gaSlil sufrasTan moilxendnen. xelidan xelSi gadadioda azarfeSa da jixvis rqa, kula da WinWila, Tixis jami da fiala. yoveli mxridan ismoda sicicxlis da siyvarulis sadRegrZeloebi. TbilisSi am dResaswauls daerTo rusebis mier evropida gadmoRebuli  dResaswauli ,,gvirilebis dRe. Yvelas didsa Tu pataras, qalsa Tu kacs mkerdze yvavili hqonda mibneuli.

 aRsaniSnavi iyo yvelieris dResaswauli, romelic didmarxvas uZRoda win. yvela ojaxi imaragebda fqvils. raTa yvelieris orSabaTs nazuqebi da qadebi gamoecxoT. yvelieris kviraSi nebismieri saxlis ezoSi SegeZloT dagenaxaT sazeimod gamowyobili gogonebi, romlebic xeze, an baniani saxlis qveSsaxedaxelod mowyobil saqanelaze Semomsxdarni mRerodnen. saRamoobiT ismoda dairis xma, imarTeboda burTaoba da wre-laxti.

  yvelierSi imarTeboda erTi metad saintereso Cveva romelsac ,,saxlidan Tagvebis gandevna ewodeboda. xuTSabaTs, wminda Sios dRes, ojaxis diasaxlisi cal xelSi axalgamomcxvar purs daikavebda, meoreTi askilis tots da iwyeboda saxlis garSemo siaruls, Tan askilis tots saxlis yovel kuTxe kunWuls urtyamda da gaiZaxoda,,Tagvo, Tagvo gamodi. ase Semoivlida mTels saxls da Semdeg pursa da askilis tots swrafad gadascemda karTanmdgar biWs. biWi ki garboda rac SeiZleba Sors da iq iwyebda gadacemuli puris Wamas. Semdeg sagangebod motovebul puris qerqs askilis tots wamoacmevda, Sors gadaagdebda da gamarjvebuli saxiT brundeboda Sin. ojaxis yvela wevri darwmunebuli iyo rom am xerxiT tyuili fandiT, ojaxidan Tagvi gaityues.

  somxebi zeimobdnen feTxainobas, es iyo wminda RvTismSoblis miZinebis dRe. 

weliwadis  bolos imarTeboda Sobis dResaswauli. eklesiaSi imarTeboda didi wirva, xolo qarTvelTa ojaxebSi sazeimო sufrasTan msxdomni mRerodnen saSobao simReras.