2007 wlis Semodgomaze silq-roud jgufisagan
miviReT dakveTa istoriuli zemelis
mimdebare teritoriis – mixeil javaxiSvilis daRmarTis da saqanelas quCis – istoriuli
ganaSenianebis saxelovnebaTmcodneo kvlevisaTvis. (xelovnebaT-
mcodneebi lali andronikaSvili, nino erisTavi)
am periodSi es kompania
awarmoebda sastumro
`iveria redisonis~ sarekonstruqcio samuSaoebs
da zemoTxsenebuli teritoria maTi
proeqtis ganviTarebis interesis sferos
warmoadgenda. imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom zemeli –
mixeil javaxiSvilis daRmarTi da saqanelas dasaxleba
– istoriuli qalaqis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani
Semadgeneli nawilia aucileblad CavTvaleT Cagvetarebina detaluri kvleviTi samuSao, romelic moicavda, rogorc calkeuli saxlebis
aRwera-gamokvlevas, aseve mTeli teritoriis morfologiuri Taviseburebisa da gegmarebiTi struqturis Seswavlas.
kvlevis procesSi kidev metad davrwmundiT,
rom qalaqis es teritoria
metad mniSvnelovan, Tbilisur xasiaTs
atarebs da swored qalaqis identobisa da sulierebis Tvalsaxieri nimuSia (iyo).
kvlevis Sedegad SemuSavebuli
rekomendaciebi vfiqrobT gasaTvaliswinebeli iyo proeqtis
damuSavebisas, Tumca realobaSi
es ase ar moxda
da Tbilisma dakarga
kidev erTi metad saxasiaTo
kuTxe. gansaxilveli saproeqto teritoria
m. javaxiSvilisa da saqanelas quCebs,
aseve maT Soris arsebul sakmaod vrcel teritorias
moicavs es adgili istoriulad
veris ubans, xolo administraciulad
_ Zveli Tbilisis gamgeobas ekuTvnis.
mixeil javaxiSvilis quCa iwyeba rusTavelis
prospeqtidan, daRmarTad miuyveba qvafenils, Semdeg uxvevs marjvniv da erwymis galaqtionis
(yof. elbaqiZis, igive veris) xids, romliTac mtkvris marcxena sanapiros ukavSirdeba. es quCa da
xidi sadReisod qalaqis erT-erTi mniSv-
nelovani satransporto arteriaa.
javaxiSvilis quCis Tavsa da boloSi ori quCa-
kibe iyo ganTavsebuli, romelTa saSualebiTac
myardeboda kavSiri `zemeli~-dan qveda mikro- ubanTan anu saqanelas daRmarTTan, quCasTan
da maT mimdebare
teritoriasTan, sadac rTul
reliefze, sxvadasxva zomisa da formis Senobebi
(ZiriTadad sacxovrebeli saxlebi) iyo Sefenili.
saproeqto teritoriis es nawili
marjvnidan Semoifargleba saqanelas daRmarTiT, marcxnidan
_ javaxiSvilis quCis bolo monakveTiT, xolo
qvemodan _ mtkvris marjvena sanapiroTi.
vera, igive vere, dRes Tbilisis erT-erTi
centraluri ubania. Zvelad aq, mdinare veres qvemowelze ganlagebuli sofeli vere qalaqs Crdilo-dasavleTidan, gareTubnis Semdeg esazRvreboda. Zvel veraze gadioda
qalaqidan wamosuli ,,diRmis gza”
_ erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi saqalaqTaSoriso da saqaravno
gza (kostavas quCa). igi gadioda
qviTa da Zveli
aguriT nageb oTxmalian
veris Zvel xidze. meore
mniSvnelovani gza, romelic veraze gadioda, wyneTis gza (amJamindeli meliqiSvilis quCa) iyo. vera Tbiliss oficialurad XIX s-is 70- ian wlebSi SemouerTda. 1880-ian wlebSi qalaqis
es ubani ukve mWidrod aris ganaSenianebuli da carizmis periodSi veris ubnis
es nawili
samxedro daniSnulebis mniSvnelovan mikroubans
warmoadgenda.
veris ubnis ganuyofeli
nawili istoriuli
`zemeli~-s ubani Tavis saxels germanel
afTi-
aqars evgeni zemels unda umadlodes, zemelis
afTiaqi mxolod saarqivo fotoebze da
toponimikaSi Semonaxuli
Tbilisis Taviseburebaa,
magram qalaqis mexsierebidan ver amoiSanTa,
verc nostalgia am dakarguli ubnis da verc
mogoneba iq mdgar Zvel quCis saaTze,
romlis
qveS Tbiliselebi erTmaneTs paemans uniSnavdnen
xolo saqanelas daRmarTi da saqanelas quCa
XX saukunis dasawyisSia warmoiqmnili. adre mas
karuselis quCa erqva, vinaidan
aq imarTeboda
atraqcionebi da aqve Tbilisis
Zveli cirkis
Senoba idga.
mixeil javaxiSvilis quCa XXs-is 40-ian wlebSi
warmoiqmna. Tavdapirvelad mas veris daRmarTi,
1923w-dan ki elbaqiZis daRmarTi daerqva, xolo, 1955w-dan mixeil javaxiSvilis saxeli ewoda. veris daRmarTiT
meTuluxCeebi qalaqSi wyals ezidebodnen, xolo mtkvris mimdebare ferdobebi nagavsayrelad iyo gamoyenebuli. veris
xidis agebis Semdeg 1883 wels gaiyvanes
konkas xazi, 1905 wlidan _ eleqtro
tramvais xazi.
daRmarTis gayolebaze
aigo mravali Senoba da igi
iqca mtkvris marjvena da
marcxena sanapiroebis damakavSirebeli mZlavri ganivi magistralis erT-erT mniSvnelovan monakveTad m. javaxiSvilis
quCis marjvena
mxares erT-orsarTuliani ganaSeni-
anebisagan Sedgenili saxlebi erTmaneTis
mijriT, wiTel xazze iyo ganTavsebuli. #9, #11, #13,
#15, #17 da #19 ZiriTadad fonuri Rirebule-
bis Senobebs warmoadgenda, magram erTobliobaSi
mniSvnelovan urbanul monakveTs
qmnidnen, amasTan,
|
# 21-Si mdebare
saxls istoriuli Zeglis
statusi mieniWa da masze gavrcelda kanoni uZrav
Zeglebze gansaxorcielebeli samuSaoebis
Sesaxeb, ramac nageboba
dangrevisagan ixsna. Tumca,
axla is srul martoobaSi darCa istoriuli
garemocvis gareSe.
es saxli Tbilisuri saxlebis
erT-erT saintereso nimuSs warmoadgens.
saxls arqiteqturul-mxatvruli da memorialuri Rirebuleba aqvs. 1913-37
wlebSi aq cxovrobda gamoCenili qarTveli prozaikosi, bolSevikur
represiebs Sewiruli didi qarTveli
mwerali mixeil javaxiSvili.
mis yofil binaSi funqcionirebs mwerlis saxl-
muzeumi. Tavad saxli XIX saukunis
miwuruls qarTveli mewarmis _ simon gabriCiZis
mier aris aSenebuli,
rogorc Semosavliani saxli.
swored gabriCiZeebis mdgmurad cxovrobda
aq mixeil javaxiSvilis ojaxi. gasabWoebis Semdgom
gabriCiZeebs mxolod ori patara bina dautoves, romelSic dResac cxovroben maTi STamomavlebi.
rogorc aRiniSna, mix. javaxiSvilis daRmarTze
mdebare saxlebis fronti da
misi qveda gana- Senianeba, romelic moqceulia saqanelas quCas,
saqanelas daRmarTs, mtkvris marjvena sanapi-
rosa da galaqtionis xids Soris, `fonuri~ da rigiTi Senobebisgan Sedgeboda, magram Tbilisis
Sor xedebze am ganaSenianebis Tavisebureba dauviwyar suraTs qmnida.
rodesac veris am mikroubans sanapiroebis mxridan vaTvalierebdiT, TvalSisacemi iyo zeda xazze ganTavsebuli mix. javaxiSvilis quCis saxlebis ukana fasadebis xasiaTi,
rac, kvlav vimeorebT, iSviaTia veris ubnisTvis, magram mniSvnelovani arqiteqturuli
Tematikaa Zvel-Tbilisur xuroTmoZRvrul
repertuarSi. kerZod rizalitebiTa da Ria xis Tu liTonis aivnebiTa Tu SuSabandebiT, terasebiT,
liTonis da xis xveuli kibeebiT Seqmnili mravalferovani arqiteqturuli kompoziciebi amdidrebda Tbilisis Zveli ubnebis bunebriv
Tu arqiteqturul landSafts. Aamgvari xerxi
rizalitebis TiTqmis daxSuli sibrtyeebis
da Ria (aivnebis, terasebis, kibeebis) sivrceebis monacvleobisa, rac Zalze mniSvnelovania samx-
reTuli qveynis havis pirobebSi, ara erTxel qceula qarTveli mxatvrebisTvis STagonebis wyarodac.
miuxedavad imisa, rom sakvlevi teritoria
mxatvrul-arqiteqturuli TvalsazrisiT
ar warmoadgens kulturuli memkvidreobis
ZeglebiT gajerebul teritorias da TiTqmis
mTlianad e. w. ,,fonuri” ganaSenianebisgan
Sedgeba, misi
Sefasebisas aucilebelad miviCnieT Semdegi faqtorebis gaTvaliswineba. kanonis Tanaxmad,Ffonuri ganaSenianebis SemTxvevaSi
Canacvleba dasaSvebia Tu fonuri nageboba
degradirebulia. is SeiZleba Canacvldes
rogorc zusti rekonstruirebiT, aseve Taname-
drove gadawyvetiT, romelic SeeTviseba arsebul garemos da aseve fonad imuSavebs
mimdebare arqiteqturuli Zeglebis mimarT. yovel konkretul SemTxvevaSi aucilebelia ganisazRvros masalisa da
gegmarebiTi struq- turis Sesabamisoba istoriulad Rirebul ganaSnianebasTan mimarTebaSi.
1. arsebuli ganaSenianeba is mcireodenia, rac
gadaurCa 1970-80-iani wlebis `zemeli~-s
rekonstruqcias, rac Tbilisma dRemde ver
moiSuSa. rekonstruqciam, romelmac Seiwira
veris daRmarTis ganaSenianebis mniSvnelovani nawili
da istoriuli
qalaqisTvis Seusabamo urbanuli sivrce
_ respublikis moedani da misi mimdebare teritoria mogvca.
amdenad, istoriuli ganaSenianebis am monakveTis
SenarCuneba erTgvari SesaZlebloba iyo axali qalaqmSeneblobiTi
xedvis demonstrirebisTvis, romelic mkveTrad
gamijnoda sabWouri urbanuli
politikis Secdomebs. metic, perspeqtiul
dagegmarebaSi arsebobs SesaZlebloba m. javaxiSvilis quCis zeda
nawilis da Tavad respublikis moednis ganaSenianebisac, riTac es teritoria daibrunebda TbilisisTvis damaxasiaTebel intimurobas da SeZlebisdagvarad
gamoasworebda aq arsebul sivrciT problemas
_ veeberTela
gasxsnil sivrces, romelic srul
disonansSia Tbilisis
tradiciul gegmarebiT struqturasTan.
2) mix. javaxiSvilis
daRmarTis marcxena mxare uSualod emijneba qiaCelis
quCis qveda nawils da masze mdebare
ZeglebiTa da aguris sayrdeni kedliT mosazRvruli landSafturi
monakveTiT erTian, istoriul ganaSenianebas qmnis. amdenad,
am mTlianobis darRveva
ar iyo mizanSewonili
da sabednierod dReisTvis es mikroubani Seucvlelia.
3) mix. javaxiSvilis
quCis Tavsa da boloSi gasaSenianebeli ,,carieli’’ adgilebi arsebobs, romelTa Sevseba aRadgenda adre arsebuli
quCis (veris daRmarTis)
istoriul saxes da gaamTlianebda urbanul qsovils.
Aam monakve- TebSi SesaZleblad miviCnieT gaCeniliyo axali moculobebi, romelTa sarTulianoba
ar daarRvevda ubnis saerTo
masStabs da ar gadafaravda aq arsebuli Zeglebis xedviT areals.
sasurvelia, daRmarTis bolos, mrud monakveTze
ganTavsebulma nagebobam gaiTvaliswinos quCis plastika iseve, rogorc
mis mopirdapire
mxares arsebuli saxlis arqiteqtura iTvaliswinebs.
4) mix. javaxiSvilis
quCis #9_19-Si mdebare saxlebis
mxatvrul-arqiteqturuli da teqni-
kuri mdgomareobis gaTvaliswinebiT maTze,
rogorc ,,fonur’’ arqiteqturaze, SesaZlo iyo ganxorcielebuliyo sarekonstruqcio
samuSaoebi. kerZod, erTsarTulian saxlebs SesaZlo iyo, daSeneboda mansardis sarTuli,
amasTan sasurveli
iyo, mowesrigebuliyo maTi
fasadebi, riTac qalaqis
es monakveTi istoriul
da arqiteqturul Rirebulebas daibrunebda.
Zalze mniSvnelovania, rom am saxlebis rigi
arsebiTad isevea Sekiduli kldeze, rogorc
metexis ,,brovka’’
(plato), an marjvena sanapiros
ganaSenianeba TabukaSvilis quCis xazze.
Tumca saproeqto teritoriis qveda nawilSi arsebuli
qaosis fonze es struqtura
SeumCneveli gaxda.
arsebobda SesaZlebloba misi vizualuri
gaxs- nisTvis ise, rom srulad gamoCeniliyo saxlebis
e. w. ,,ukana’’ fasadebi saqanelis
quCis mxridan arsebuli SesasvlelebiT. amiT isini ara mxolod
vizualur efeqts Seqmnidnen qalaqisTvis, aramed qveda donesTan saintereso komunikaciis saSualebas mogvcemdnen, rac am saxlebis adaptaciis (axali funqciiT datvirTvis) SemTxvevaSi landSafturi arqiteqturis axal SesaZleblobas gamoavlenda.
5)Aaseve, tipiuri ZvelTbilisuri komunikaciis
saSualeba iyo ori quCa-kibe javaxiSvilis quCis Tavsa da boloSi, romlebic javaxiSvilis
da saqanelas quCaTa doneebs
akavSirebda. Aam kibeebis mowesrigeba_reabilitacia gamoiwvevs
mniSvnelovani Tbilisuri,
urbanuli elementis
_ quCa-kibis
gamarTvas, riTac momavali ganaSeni-
aneba bunebriv kavSirs SeiZenda
Zvel, saxasiaTo arqiteqturul tradiciasTan.
Cveni rekomendaciiT, saqanelas quCis struqtura
mTlianobaSi unda SenarCunebuliyo da ar
Secvliliyo mkveTrad
dapirispirebuli urbanu-
li gadawyvetiT. saxlebis mZime teqnikuri mdgomareobis gaTvaliswinebiT SesaZleblad
miviCnieT, saqanelas quCaze arsebuli fonuri
xasiaTis nagebobebis Canacvleba _ aseve fonuri xasiaTis axalmSeneblobebiT, im pirobiT, rom
isini mkveTrad ar daupirispirdebian adre arsebuli ganaSenianebis morfologias _ quCaze dasmis xasiaTs, moculobebis danawevrebulobas
da Ria da daxuruli sivrciTi elementebis
Tanaarsebobis princips.
aucileblad unda SenarCunebuliyo moculobebis
zogadi parametrebi, quCaze ganTavsebis Tavise- bureba, saxlebis struqturebis sistemebi,
romlebic SesaZloa erTian saproeqto moculo-
badac iqces, magram vizualurad sasurvelia danawevrdes mocemuli masebis mixedviT.
amasve mogvcems monakveTis
Tavsa da boloSi arsebuli carieli adgilebis Sevseba axali
moculobebiT, im pirobiT,
rom isinic gaiTva-
liswineben aq Camoyalibebul morfologiur
Taviseburebebs: quCaze dasmas,
(plastika) quCis
plastikas, masStabs
(mimdebare ganaSenianeba xed-
viTi wertilebi), danawevrebul struqturebs, masaTa horizontalur ganviTarebas.
Zalze mniSvnelovania, rom axalma obieqtebma
ar daTrgunon TavianTi masStabiTa da arqiteqturuli xasiaTiT qalaqis am monakveTis
istoriuli ganaSenianebis Rirebuleba. Aamitom aucilebelia maTi
simaRle xels ar uSlides mix. javaxiSvilis daRmarTis ganaSenianebis ukana fasadebis xilvadobas, rogorc es axlaa
SesaZlebeli da am saxlebisa
da kldis
qveda nawilebidan terasulad daeSvas
sanapirosken. amasTan, am ganaSenianebis orsave mxares arsebuli sicarieleebi, SesaZloa Seivsos iseTi moculobebiT, romlebic ar aRemateba
m. javaxiSvilis quCis zogad masStabs – kerZod, saxli # 21-is simaRles.
amiT axali moculobebi organulad SeeTviseba am monakveTis
Camoyalibebul ganaSenianebas da aseve bunebrivad
Caewereba Tbilsis centris arqiteqturul mTlianobaSi.
Cveni azriT, am konkretuli landSafturi
monakveTis ganaSenianeba ramdenime mniSvnelovani
aqcentis gaTvaliswinebiT unda moxdes: kerZod
ar daifaros mTawmindis, rogorc qalaqis dominantis, xedi; ar moxdes qiaCelis
quCis ukana fasadis (e. w. brovkis) xazis dakargva da ar
daifaros m. javaxiSvilis daRmarTis ukana
mxare, anu axalma ganaSenianebam horizontalur- terasuli da ara vertikaluri ganviTarebisa
da simaRlis SezRudvis
xarjze ar moaxdinos
am istoriul-landSafturi monakveTis mkveTri rRveva. piriqiT,
mis warmoCena-gamovlinebaze
imuSaos, riTac axalmSenebloba organulad
SeeTviseba Tbilisis centris arqiteqturul-
mxatvrul saxes.
maqsimalurad unda SenarCundes saproeqto
teritoriaze arsebuli
mwvane safari.
unda moxdes m. javaxiSvilis q. # 9_21 Senobe- bis ukana fasadebis mowesrigeba, reabilita- cia, gviandeli usaxuri minaSenebisa da gadake-
Tebebisgan ganTavisufleba.
vTvliT, rom axalmSeneblobas SesaZlebelia hqondes ori tipis
arqiteqturul-mxatvruli gadawyveta:
1) Tu is mTlianad Tanamedrove masaliT Sesrulda,
aucilebelia mas hqondes fonuri,
araaqtiuri xasiaTi risTvisac moviZieT magaliTebi msoflio
arqiteqturuli praqtikidan.
2) SesaZlebelia axal
gadawyvetaSi fragmen- tulad moxdes tradiciuli
xasiaTis kedlis wyobis, kerZod,
agurisa da riyis qvis Sereuli
kedlebis gaTamaSeba da avTenturi
elementebis axali datvirTviT gamoyeneba (Zveli aivnebi,
terasebi, xis elementebi
da sxva).
axal moculobaTa fasadebis
mxatvruli saxe,
ritmuli danawevreba da feradovneba,
sasur- velia, misadagebul iqnas Zveli Tbilisis arqi-
teqturul xasiaTsa
da mxatvrul mTlianobas.
amasTan ar aris
mizanSewonili ZvelTbilisuri arqiteqturuli esTetikis
meqanikuri gameoreba, rac mas butaforulobas SesZens.
gaTvaliswinebuli unda iyos
quCaTa arsebuli qseli da reliefis
Tavisebureba, rac kargad
iyo gaTvlili mikroubnis
ganviTarebis dros.
yovelive zemoTqmulis gaTvaliswinebis gareSe,
warmodgenilma proeqtma ugulvebelyo kvlevis Sedegebi, riTac Tbilisis
istoriuli centri-
saTvis sruliad Seusabamo,
grandiozuli, aqti- uri, me vityodi, demonstratiuli proeqti warmoadgina. vfiqrob, misi ganxorcieleba kidev
erTi tipiurad `Tbilisuri~ kuTxis suls
sabolood mospobs.
sabednierod, proeqti ar damtkicebula da dasamuSaveblad daubru-
nda avtorebs, magram, ramdenadac CvenTvis
cnobilia, misi mimarTuleba kvlav rCeba imave
moculobisa da masStabis farglebSi, rac sasurvelia damkveTisaTvis. vfiqrobT, es tipi- uri magaliTia imisa, Tu rogor vkargavT dRes
ukve damoukidebeli urbanuli politikis
periodSi, istoriuli qalaqis identobisa da
sulis gamomxatveli qalaqis maxasiaTeblebs. magaliTia imisa, Tu rogori ufskruli arsebobs
mkvlevarebisa da damproeqteblebis xedvebs Soris da Tu es ori jer kidev dapirispirebuli mxare ar SeTanxmdeba, mxolod sareabilitacio
proeqtebi ver gadaarCens
istoriuli Tbilisis
Taviseburebas, radgan aRdgenili quCebisa Tu
saxlebis gverdiT gaCenili aseTi
polusebi da Seusabamo Tanamedrove konstruqciebi Tavisi aqtivobiT erTianad STanTqavs Zveli qalaqis
saxes. braian parki „peiji/parki arqiteqtorebi“
ისტორიულ
უბნებში მშენებლობა, რესტავრაცია და რეაბილიტაცია თუ კვლავ დღევანდელი მეთოდით გაგრძელდა,
ძველი თბილისის იდენტობა და სული მალე საარქივო მასალის კუთვნილება გახდება. ჩვენც
და მომავალი თაობაც მხოლოდ ნახატებით ისტორიულ ფილმებითა და ფოტოებით თუ დავადასტურებთ,
რომ თბილისი მართლაც თვითმყოფადი და ულამაზესი ქალაქი იყო, გალაკტიონის თქმისა არ იყოს
- „სავსე ქართული პატიოსნებით“.
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