saeqsperto daskvna
arqiteqtor n. CarTolanis
mier warmodgenil
meliqiSvilis q.
#15-17-19-23-25-isa da quCiSvilis Sesaxvevi # 6-4-8/10 miwis nakveTebze mimdebare
teritoriis qalaqgegmarebiT
saproeqto winadadebaze
warmodgenili saproeqto
winadadeba gulisxmobs veris ubnis centraluri
quCis marjvena mxaris arsebul
ganaSenianebaSi radikaluri cvlilebebis Setanas.
saproeqto arealSi XIXs-is
bolos da XXs-is dasawyisisYaraerTi
saintereso Senoba dgas; SenarCunebulia quCebis reliefTan morgebis tradiciuli
Tbilisuri struqtura, sacxovreblis tipebi da mxatvruli saxe. quCis gaswvriv
ganlagebuli sxvadasxva simaRlis da moculobis, individualuri saxis mqone Senobebi qmnis am ubnisTvis damaxasiaTebel cocxal
ritms. maT Soris maRalmxatvruli RirebulebiT gamoirCeva meliqiSvilis q.# 11, 13,
15, 17, 19, 21, 23 da 25 sacxovrebeli saxlebi. TiToeul Senobas aqvs
damoukidebeli, mcire zomis, myudro ezo.
warmodgenil
ganaSenianebaSi SeiZleba gamoiyos mxatvruli
TvalsazrisiT SedarebiT naklebad Rirebuli, mZime mdgomareobaSi myofi
Senobebi. maTi axali nagebobebiT Secvla SesaZlebelia, Tu es ar daarRvevs ubnis
istoriulad Camoyalibebul masStabs, gegmarebiT struqturas da xasiaTs, rac dacvis
reJimis upirveles moTxovnas warmoadgens.
aRniSnuli ubani Sedis
Tbilisis istoriuli nawilis saxelmwifo dacvisa da ganaSenianebis regulirebis
zonaSi. 1985 wlis 29 ianvris # 76
dadgenilebis mixedviT "regulirebis zonis dadgenis mizania mis
farglebSi dagegmarebis struqturis, arqiteqturul-sivrcobrivi garemos
SenarCuneba, rac uzrunvelyofs istoriulad Camoyalibebuli da axali gaSenebis
harmoniul erTianobas".
rogorc proeqtis avtori
aRniSnavs, qalaqgegmarebiTi gadawyvetiT
gaTvaliswinebulia samezoblo nakveTebis "gamsxvileba" da maTi erT
mTlian organizmad warmodgena. aseTi
midgoma ewinaaRmdegeba rogorc zemoxsenebul debulebas, aseve saerTaSoriso kanonmdeblobas.
kerZod, vaSingtonis qartia (1987w.) Semdegnairad gansazRvravs am
problemisadmi swor meTodologiur
midgomas:
1. axali nagebobis
mSeneblobis, an arsebulis adaptaciis SemTxvevaSi, angariSi unda gaewios arsebul
sivrciT organizacias _ gansakuTrebiT, masStabisa da miwis nakveTis zomis
gaTvaliswinebiT.
2. SesanarCunebeli niSan-Tvisebebia istoriuli
qalaqisa da urbanuli teritoriebis istoriuli xasiaTi da yvela is masala Tu
sulieri elementi, romelic am xasiaTs gamoxatavs, gansakuTrebiT:
a) urbanuli qsovilis saxe,
romelic gansazRvrulia quCebis qseliTa da TiToeuli ganaSenianebuli miwis
nakveTis konfiguraciiTa da zomiT.
amave sakiTxTan
dakavSirebiT gasaTvaliswinebelia menejmentis saxelmZRvanelo msoflio
memkvidreobis ZeglebisaTvis (avtorebi: b. fildeni da iu. iukileto,ICCROM, UNESCO, ICOMOS, 1993), romlis IX Tavis 9.3.8
punqtSi (Tanamedrove dizaini istoriul garemoSi) aRniSnulia, rom axal nagebobas
unda hqondes:
·
ritmi, romelic harmoniulia garemomcveli ganaSenianebis, urbanuli ritmisa
da morfologiuri saxisa;
·
masa, romelic SeTanadebulia konteqsts- arc iseTi didi, rom daarRvios
istoriuli centris intimuri, adamianuri masStabi da iseTi, rom gamoiricxos
xelovnuri gaerTianeba miwis ramodenime nakveTisa erTi didi nagebobis (funqciis)
gansaTavseblad;
igive moTxovnebia dayenebuli istoriul zonaSi
axalmSeneblobebTan dakavSirebul UNESCO - s rekomendaciaSi istoriuli ansamblebis Tanamedrove
rolis da dacvis Sesaxeb (nairobi, 1976w.).
zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare proeqtiT SemoTavazebuli didi moculoba, romelic
gulisxmobs ramdenime saxlis da miwis nakveTis gaerTianebas Seqmnis mZlavr moculobas,
grandiozul sibrtyes, rac daarRvevs meliqiSvilis quCis istoriulad
Camoyalibebul sivrcul-gegmarebiT
struqturas da mxatvrul saxes.
miuxedavad imisa, rom warmodgenili grafikuli masalis mixedviT igrZnoba quCis
arqiteqtonikis SenarCunebis mcdeloba _ gamoxatuli arsebuli nagebobebis fasadebis mxatvruli saxis misadagebaSi,
Riobebis formisa da ritmis ganmeorebaSi
_ miwis nakveTebis gamsxvilebis
gamo gazrdilia masStabi. aseTi midgoma ewinaaRmdegeba zemoT aRniSnul kanonebs
da sarTulianobis dasaSveb maqsimalur
maCvenebels. uflebrivi zonirebis mixedviT sarTulianoba quCis am monakveTiSi ar unda aRematebodes 3-5 sarTuls.
i. elizbaraSvili
c. CaCxunaSvili
m. suramelaSvili
Tbilisi, veris ubani
saproeqto teritoriis
istoriul-arqiteqturuli
kvleva
ganaSenianeba p.
meliqiSvilis, S. RambaSiZis, g.
quCiSvilis,
i. nikolaZis quCebs Soris
moqceul teritoriaze
istoriul veris ubanSi mdebare saproeqto teritoria moicavs ganaSenianebas p. meliqiSvilis, S. RambaSiZis, g. quCiSvilisa da i. nikolaZis quCebs Soris.
es monakveTi Sedis T. WoveliZis quCasa da varazisxevs Soris moqceul qalaq Tbilisis
gaSenebis regulirebis zona
Si.
Si.
veris ubnis warmoSoba
da ganviTarebis istoria
dRevandeli veris ubnis teritoriaze,
Tbilisis gareubanSi Crdilo-dasavleTiT XIX s-is bolo aTwleulebamde mdebareobda
sofeli vere. igi werilobiT wyaroebSi
ixsenieba XVIII s-dan. sofelma saxelwodeba miiRo mdinare veresgan (igive
skvireTi). batoniSvili vaxuStis aRweris Tanaxmad: "xolo koJris CrdiloT
kerZ ars skvireTis mdinare, aw wodebuli vere; gamosdis didgoris mTas, modis
aRmosavliT, erTvis mtkvars dasavleTidam, tfilisis Crdilod kerZ. SesarTavsa zeda
ars lurji monasteri".
XVIII s-Si sofel veres
samxreTis sazRvari gabanaanTxevze
gadioda (amJamindeli e. gabaSvilis quCis nawili), dasavleTidan _ vardisubanze
(dRevandeli "semionovkis" dasaxleba). CrdiloeTidan veres saburTalo
emijneboda, xolo aRmosavleTidan _ mdinare mtkvari.
sofeli vere mniSvnelovan
gzajvaredinze mdebareobda. Sua saukuneebSi aq gadioda Tbilisidan veris xevisken
wamosuli diRmis gza (dRevandeli m. kostavas quCa), XIX s-is dasawyisidan am
mimarTulebiT gadioda saqarTvelos samxedro gza. meore gza Tbilisidan wyneTisken
miemarTeboda (amJamindeli g. meliqiSvilis quCa).
mdinare vereze XVII s-is Suawlebidan arsebobda,
aguriTa da qviT nagebi oTxmaliani xidi.
am xids iqiT didi safosto Sose ramdenime mosaxveviT adioda mTaze, saidanac ukve
iwyeboda qalaquri dasaxleba. am teritoriaze
ixsenieba davrdomilTa TavSesafari, qalaqis saavadmyofo, safosto
ekipaJebis fabrika da sxva.
XIX s-is 60-ian wlebSi
qalaqis dasavleTis sazRvarma moskovis quCas (dRevandeli rusTavelis moednis
midamoebi) miaRwia, xolo mis miRma arsebuli sofeli vere ukve qalaqis gareubnad
iqca. amave saukunis bolo aTeul wlebSi Tbilisis ganaSenianebuli teritoria ukve varazis
xevamde gavrcelda.
Tbilisis 1867 wlis gegmaze
gareuban veres teritoriaze ukve daproeqtebulia momavali quCebis qseli, sadac
regularuli quCebiT Sevsebul monakveTebTan erTad, Cans, Zveli, iregularuli
gegmarebis fragmentebi, rac nawilobriv emTxveva saproeqto teritoriis mimdebare
g. quCiSvilis quCis monakveTs.
gamokveTilia i. nikolaZis, m. kostavas da g. quCiSvilis, o. rodenis quCebi.
1880-90-ian wlebSi
aRniSnul teritoriaze iwyeba intensiuri
ganaSenianeba, rac grZeldeba XX s-is dasawyisSi da varazisxevamde aRwevs. 1884 wlis gegmaze es xevi vardisxevis
saxeliTaa datanili. XX s-is dasawyisSi p. meliqiSvilis quCasa da i. WavWavaZis
prospeqts xevze gadebuli xidi akavSirebda. varazisxevis qveda nawilis amovseba
1948 wlidan daiwyo da dasrulda 1957 wels. am dros sruldeba amJamad TbilisisTvis
ase mniSvnelovani saqalaqo magistralis Camoyalibeba, romelic akavSirebs vakes,
veras da saburTalos.
1913 wlis gegmaze ukve
Cans p. meliqiSvili quCa. 1924 wlis gegmaze saproeqto ubanSi sabolood aris formirebuli
quCebis qseli, romelic dRevandel mdgomareobas emTxveva.
saproeqto ubnis arqiteqturul-mxatvruli
analizi
ganaSenianeba p.
meliqiSvilis, S. RambaSiZis, g.
quCiSvilis, i. nikolaZis quCebs Soris moqceul teritoriaze viTardeba damrec
reliefze. saproeqto arealSi XIX s-is bolos da XX s-is dasawyisisYaraerTi saintereso Senoba dgas. ZiriTadad
SenarCunebulia quCebis reliefTan morgebis tradiciuli Tbilisuri struqtura,
sacxovreblis tipebi da mxatvruli saxe, Tumca bolodroindelma uxeSma Carevebma am
ubansac ucvala saxe. gansakuTrebiT dazaralda quCiSvilis quCa, romlis Tavdapirveli
saxe amJamad xelyofilia warmoebuli umasStabo axalmSeneblobebiT.
adre aq arsebuli
sacxovrebeli saxlebis simaRle ar aRemateboda or-sam sarTuls. mniSvnelovani saqalaqo magistralis _ p.
meliqiSvilis gamzirisa da g. quCiSvilis
quCas Soris moqceuli es mikroubani gamoirCeoda simyudroviT da kamerulobiT. saproeqto
teritoriis ganaSenianeba uaRresad sainteresoa Tavisi sivrcul-gegmarebiTi gadawyvetiT.
am monakveTSi arsebuli TiTqmis yvela
nageboba sainteresoa mxatvrul-istoriuli TvalsazrisiT. aseve, aRsaniSnavia
memorialuri Senobebis siWarbe: RambaSiZis q. # 9 _ XIX-XX ss. cnobili qarTveli
msaxiobi qalis mako safarova-abaSiZis sacxovrebeli saxli; rodenis q. #6 _
cnobili qarTveli moqandakis i. nikolaZis saxl-muzeumi; nikolaZis q. #18 _ i.
nikolaZis sacxovrebeli saxli; p. meliqiSvilis #25 cnobili qarTveli
mean-ginekologis g. RambaraSvilis sacxovrebelo saxli da p. meliqiSvilisa da g.
quCiSvilis quCebis kuTxeSi mdebare saxli, sadac cxovrobda Tanamedrove
maTematikuri mecnierebis fuZemdebeli saqarTveloSi, Tbilisis saxelmwifo
universitetis erT-erTi damaarsebeli a. razmaZe.
Seicvala quCiSvilis quCis,
rogorc arqiteqturul-mxatvruli saxe,
aseve _ funqcia. axla aq mravalsarTuliani sastumroebis simravlea. XIX s-is
bolos am teritoriaze Camoyalibebuli qalaquri tipis dasaxlebam SeinarCuna ufro
Zveli urbanuli qsovilis fragmentebi, rac
dRes msxvili moculobebis gaCenis gamo SeiZleba ukvalod daikargos. aRsaniSnavia,
rom quCebis es kvanZi erT-erTi uadresia am ubanSi. igi ukve gamokveTilia XIX
s-is rukebze da rogorc Cans inarCunebs Zvel, Tavisufali gegmarebis fragments.
Zveli Senobebis ngreva axlac mimdinareobs o. rodenis quCasa da g. quCiSvilis quCas Soris moqceul
teritoriaze. am quCebis kuTxeSi axali
mravalsarTuliani Senobebi igeba, aman SeiZleba
sabolood Seiwiros o. rodenis plastikuri quCis texili, rac mniSvnelovani
danakargi iqneba.
p. meliqiSvilis quCis
gaswvriv ganlagebuli individualuri saxis mqone
gansxvavebuli simaRlis da moculobis Senobebi am ubnisTvis damaxasiaTebel
cocxal ritms qmnis. maT Soris maRalmxatvruli da urbanuli Rirebuleba gamoarCevs meliqiSvilis q.# 11 -dan #29-is
CaTvliT saproeqto teritoriaze ganTavsebul TiTqmis yvela sacxovrebel saxls. maTgan Zeglis statusi
gaaCnia #13 Senobas, xolo Zeglis niSnis
mqonea _ #11. TiToeul Senobas aqvs damoukidebeli, mcire zomis, myudro ezo. Zalze
mniSvnelovania, rom meliqiSvilis gamziris kuTxis Senobebs, garda mxatvruli
Rirenulebisa, aqvs urbanuli da gegemarebiTi TvalsazrisiT
amasTan erTad, mikroubnis ganaSenianebaSi
SeiZleba gamoiyos mxatvruli TvalsazrisiT
SedarebiT naklebad Rirebuli Senobebi, romelTa fizikuri mdgomareoba sakmaod
mZimea. SesaZlebelia maTi axali nagebobebiT Secvla. magram vinaidan aRniSnuli
ubani Sedis qalaq Tbilisis gaSenebis saxelmwifo regulirebis zonaSi,
axalmSeneblobebTan dakavSirebiT gasaTvaliswinebelia garkveuli SezRudvebi:
·
SenarCunebuli unda iyos dagegmarebis struqtura da arqiteqturul-sivrcobrivi garemo, urbanuli
teritoriis istoriuli xasiaTi da yvela is masala, Tu elementi, romelic am
xasiaTs gamoxatavs. axali nagebobebis mxatvruli gadawyveta Sexamebuli unda iyos arsebul SenobebTan
·
daculi unda iyos istoriulad Camoyalibebuli urbanuli qsovili, romelic
gansazRvrulia quCebis qseliTa da TiToeuli ganaSenianebuli miwis nakveTis
konfiguraciiTa da zomiT
·
adaptaciis, an axali nagebobis mSeneblobisas angariSi unda gaewios
arsebul sivrciT organizacias _ gansakuTrebiT mis masStabsa da miwis nakveTis
zomas. ar unda moxdes miwis ramdenime sakadastro erTeulis gaerTianeba, an daqucmaceba. axali moculobebis gaCenam ar unda daarRvios ubnis istoriulad
Camoyalibebuli masStabi, gegmarebiTi struqtura da xasiaTi
amgvari meTodologiur
midgomebi pasuxobs saerTaSoriso kanonmdeblobis moTxovnebsac, kerZod,
vaSingtonis qartias (1987w.).
miuxedavad imisa, rom
dRemde warmoebuli axalmSeneblobebis dros
aRniSnuli SezRudvebi ignorirebuli iqna, maTi gaTvaliswineba aucilebelia
ubnis ganaxlebisa da ganviTarebis
Semdgom procesSi.
amave sakiTxTan
dakavSirebiT gasaTvaliswinebelia urbanuli memkvidreobis nimuSebisa da istoriul garemoSi Tanamedrove dizainis
CarTvis mimarT gamoxatuli pozicia (b. fildeni da iu. iukileto), ris mixedviTac
axal nagebobas unda gaaCndes:
·
ritmi, romelic harmoniulia garemomcveli ganaSenianebis, urbanuli ritmisa
da morfologiuri saxisa;
·
masa, romelic SeTanadebulia konteqsts arc iseTi didi, rom daarRvios
istoriuli ubnis intimuri, adamianuri masStabi da iseTi, rom gamoiricxos
xelovnuri gaerTianeba miwis ramodenime nakveTisa erTi didi nagebobis gansaTavseblad;
igive moTxovnebia dayenebuli istoriul zonaSi axalmSeneblobebTan
dakavSirebul UNESCO - s rekomendaciaSi istoriuli nagebobebis jgufis Tanamedrove
rolis da maTi dacvis Sesaxeb (nairobi, 1976w.).
zemoTqmulidan
gamomdinare proeqtiT SemoTavazebuli didi
moculoba, romelic gulisxmobs ramdenime saxlis da miwis nakveTis gaerTianebas Seqmnis mZlavr moculobas,
grandiozul sibrtyes, rac daarRvevs
meliqiSvilis quCis istoriulad Camoyalibebul sivrcul-gegmarebiT struqturas da mxatvrul
saxes.
miuxedavad imisa, rom warmodgenili grafikuli masalis mixedviT igrZnoba quCis
arqiteqtonikis SenarCunebis mcdeloba _ gamoxatuli arsebuli nagebobebis fasadebis mxatvruli saxis misadagebaSi,
Riobebis formisa da ritmis ganmeorebaSi
_ miwis nakveTebis gamsxvilebis
gamo gazrdilia masStabi. aseTi midgoma ewinaaRmdegeba zemoT aRniSnul kanonebs
da sarTulianobis dasaSveb maqsimalur
maCvenebels. uflebrivi zonirebis mixedviT sarTulianoba quCis am
monakveTiSi ar unda aRematebodes 3-5
sarTuls.
dabejiTebiT SeiZleba
iTqvas, rom QquCiSvilis quCam dakarga Tavisi Tavdapirveli masStabi, struqtura
da gamorCeuli xasiaTi. daikarga is mxatvruli Rirebulebac, romelic Zvel ganaSenianebas
ganumeorebel xibls sZenda da unarCunebda mas veris ubnisaTvis damaxasiaTebel
masStabs.
nageboba gegmarebiTi da mxatvruli
TvalsazrisiT agrZelebs XIX s-Si
Camoyalibebuli Tbilisuri saxlis arqiteqturul-mxatvrul kompozicias.
es nagebobac ayalibebs
mikroubnis quCaTa qsels _ Sesaxvevi am adgilas tydeba da marTi kuTxiT gadadis
kostavas II Sesaxvevisken. am SenobasTan sruldeba quCis aRmavali xazi da
gadadis mosworebul terasaze ganviTarebul kostavas II SesaxvevSi.
am Sesaxvevis
ganaSenianebaSi mkveTrad gamoirCeva XX s-is 10-ani wlebis samsarTuliani,
Seulesavi intensiuri wiTeli feris aguris Senoba
fasadis gansxvavebuli damuSavebiT. misi gegmareba agrZelebs Tbilisuri
sacxovreblis tradicias. aRsaniSnavia, rom ezosken arsebuli xis aivnebis
gaformebaSi SeiniSneba modernis stilis gavlena.
ganaSenianebis
damasrulebeli,
momdevno mravalsarTuliani
sacxovrebeli korpusi bolo wlebSia aSenebuli. misi mkveTr vertikals da betonis
safasado sibrtyes disonansi Seaqvs ubnis am monakveTis ganaSenianebaSi.
swored es monakveTi
warmoadgens saproeqto teritorias. igi kostavas Sesaxvevisa da quCiSvilis
quCebis damakavSirebeli mniSvnelovani kvanZia.
daskvna da rekomendaciebi
saproeqto teritoria Qg.
quCiSvilisa da m. kostavas Sesaxvevs Sorisaa moqceuli. veris ubnis am
monakveTSi XIX s-is II naxevarSi soflis
tipis dasaxlebas nelnela cvlis qalaquri ganaSenianeba. 1867 wlis rukaze regularuli quCebiT Sevsebul monakveTebTan
erTad, Zveli, iregularuli gegmarebis fragmentebi ikveTeba. am periodis
nagebobebi ar
SemorCa. dRevandeli
ganaSenianebis adreuli nimuSebi XIX_XX ss. mijnas da XX s-is dasawyiss
miekuTvneba.
rogorc arqiteqturis
mxatvrulma analizma aCvena, saproeqto teritoriis areali rTul reliefze terasulad
ganTavsebul, erTmaneTTan kibiT dakavSirebul quCaTa sistemas moicavs, rac
damaxasiaTebelia Tbilisis istoriuli ubnebis ganaSenianebisTvis.
bolo wlebSi quCiSvilis
quCis arqiteqturul-mxatvruli saxe
mkveTrad Seicvala. rogorc ukve
aRvniSneT, daikarga misi Tavdapirveli masStabi da mxatvruli Rirebuleba. g.
quCiSvilis quCaze ukve agebuli mravalsarTuliani Senobebis simravle da mimdinare
samSeneblo procesi, Cans, mTlianad Seiwiravs am monakveTSi arsebul quCebis Zvel gegmarebas da dRemde SemorCenili
ganaSenianebis fragmentebs. sayuradReboa, rom
Zveli ganaSenianebidan jer kidev Semonaxulia Seulesavi aguris ori
saintereso nageboba _ g. quCiSvilis ##
8, 10, romelTa SenarCuneba Searbilebs mikro-ubnis uxeSi saxecvlis masStabs.
kostavas SesaxvevSi mdgari
XIX-XX saukunis mijnaze agebuli Senobebi (kostavas quCisa da Sesaxvevis kuTxis
erkeriani Senoba; kostavas Sesaxvevi ##
2, 3; kostavas II Sesaxvevi ## 2, 3 )
Tbilisuri tradiciuli sacxovreblis tipiuri nimuSebia, razec metyvelebs
samSeneblo masala, masStabi, sivrcul-gegmarebiTi gadawyveta da fasadebis
mxatvruli damuSaveba.
SenobaTa meore jgufi
(kostavas quCisa da Sesaxvevis kuTxis Senoba; kostavas Sesaxvevi # 1) XX
saukunis Sua wlebSia agebuli. es Senobebi
angariSs uwevs ukve Camoyalibebul istoriul-arqiteqturul garemos. ar xdeba arqiteqturuli formebis
meqanikuri gameoreba. miuxedavad imisa, rom maTi gadawyveta savsebiT
Seesabameba 1930-50-iani wlebisTvis damaxasiaTebel arqiteqturas, Senobebi Tavisi masStabiT, fasadebis
sisadaviT da mxatvruli gadawyvetiT kargad Caewera ukve arsebul ganaSenianebaSi.
saproeqto teritoriis
mimdebare arealis quCiSvilis quCis monakveTis Tavdapirveli arqiteqturuli saxe
da gegmarebiTi struqtura ganadgurebulia. am mxriv kostavas Sesaxvevis mxare jerjerobiT inarCunebs ubnis Camoyalibebul
arqiteqtrul-mxatvrul saxes.
yovelive amis
gaTvaliswinebiT, nebismieri Carevisas gansakuTrebuli sifrTxilis gamoCenaa
saWiro. axali moculobis gaCenis SemTxvevaSi yuradReba unda mieqces im
faseulobaTa dacvas, rac axasiaTebs am mikroubans:
·
gasaTvaliswinebelia moculobiTi erTeulebis da miwis nakveTebis raodenoba;
ar unda moxdes maTi gaerTianeba da gamsxvileba
·
angariSi unda gaewios reliefis Taviseburebas, rac ase kargad iyo
gaTvaliswinebuli bolo dromde ubnis ganviTarebis mTel manZilze
·
ar unda moxdes reliefis dafarva
·
sarTulianobis gansazRvrisas angariSi unda gaewios arsebul ganaSenianebas
·
axali moculobebis fasadebis mxatvruli saxe, ritmuli danawevreba da
feradovneba ar unda arRvevdes kostavas Sesaxvevis Camoyalibebul xasiaTsa da
mxatvrul mTlianobas. upiratesoba unda mieniWos tradiciuli samSeneblo masalis
gamoyenebas
saproeqto
teritoriis istoriul-arqiteqturuli
kvleva
Tbilisi, veris ubani
ganaSenianeba g.
quCiSvilisa da m. kostavas Sesaxvevis gadakveTasTan
istoriul veris ubanSi
mdebare saproeqto teritoria moicavs Qg. quCiSvilisa da m. kostavas Sesaxvevs
Soris moqceul ares. igi mdebareobs Tbilisis
istoriuli saxelmwifo dacviTi zonis buferul nawilSi, romelic T. WoveliZis
quCasa da varazisxevs Sorisaa moqceuli.
veris ubnis warmoSoba
da ganviTarebis istoria
dRevandeli veris teritoriaze,
Tbilisis SemogarenSi, Crdilo-dasavleTiT mdebareobda sofeli vere, romelmac
saxelwodeba miiRo mdinare veresgan (igive skvireTi). batoniSvili vaxuStis
aRweris Tanaxmad: "xolo koJris CrdiloT kerZ ars skvireTis mdinare, aw
wodebuli vere; gamosdis didgoris mTas, modis aRmosavliT, erTvis mtkvars
dasavleTidam, tfilisis Crdilod kerZ. SesarTavsa zeda ars lurji monasteri".
XVIII s-Si veres samxreTis
sazRvari gabanaanTxevze gadioda
(amJamindeli e. gabaSvilis quCis nawili), dasavleTidan _ vardisubanze
(dRevandeli "semionovkis" dasaxleba ). CrdiloeTidan veres saburTalo
emijneboda, xolo aRmosavleTidan _ mdinare mtkvari.
sofeli vere mniSvnelovan
gzajvaredinze mdebareobda. SuasaukuneebSi aq gadioda Tbilisidan veris xevisken
wamosuli diRmis gza (dRevandeli m. kostavas quCa), XIX s-is dasawyisidan am
mimarTulebiT gadioda saqarTvelos samxedro gza. meore gza Tbilisidan wyneTisken
miemarTeboda (amJamindeli g. meliqiSvilis quCa).
amJamindeli m. kostavas
quCisa da zooparkis maxloblad mdinare vereze XVII s-is Suawlebidan arsebobda,
aguriTa da qviT nagebi oTxmaliani, 70
metris sigrZisa da 6 metris siganis xidi. igi XIX s-is bolos "did da
lamaz" xidad ixsenieba.
XIX s-is 60-iani wlebis
erTi aRweris mixedviT xids Tujis moajirebi hqonia. am xids iqiT didi safosto
Sose ramdenime mosaxveviT adioda mTaze, saidanac ukve iwyeboda qalaquri
dasaxleba. am teritoriaze ixsenieba
davrdomilTa TavSesafari, qalaqis
saavadmyofo, safosto ekipaJebis fabrika da sxva.
XIX s-is 60-ian wlebSi
qalaqis dasavleTis sazRvarma moskovis quCas (dRevandeli rusTavelis moednis
midamoebi) miaRwia, xolo mis miRma arsebuli sofeli vere ukve qalaqis gareubnad
iqca. amave saukunis bolo aTeul wlebSi Tbilisis ganaSenianebuli teritoria
varazis xevamde gavrcelda.
Tbilisis 1867 wlis gegmaze
gareuban veres teritoriaze ukve daproeqtebulia momavali quCebis qseli, sadac
regularuli quCebiT Sevsebul monakveTebTan erTad, Cans, Zveli, iregularuli
gegmarebis fragmentebi, rac nawilobriv emTxveva saproeqto teritoriis mimdebare
g. quCiSvilis quCis monakveTs.
gamokveTilia i. nikolaZis, m. kostavas da g. quCiSvilis quCebi.
1880-90-ian wlebSi
aRniSnul teritoriaze mimdinareobs mSenebloba, rac intensiurad grZeldeba XX s-is
dasawyisSi da varazisxevamde aRwevs.
1884 wlis gegmaze es xevi vardisxevis saxeliTaa datanili. XX s-is
dasawyisSi p. meliqiSvilis quCasa da i. WavWavaZis prospeqts xevze gadebuli
xidi akavSirebda. varazisxevis qveda nawilis amovseba 1948 wlidan daiwyo da
dasrulda 1957 wels. am dros sruldeba amJamad TbilisisTvis ase mniSvnelovani
saqalaqo magistralis Camoyalibeba, romelic akavSirebs vakes, veras da
saburTalos.
1913 wlis gegmaze Cans,
rom gayvanilia meliqiSvilis quCac.
saproeqto teritoriaze aRniSnulia am mikro-ubnis mniSvnelovani nagebobebi _
samxedro vet. sammarTvelo, romelic, savaraudod, kostavas Sesaxvevis teritoriaze lokalizdeba. SesaZloa,
igi abanos, an mis mezoblad arsebuli
Senobebis adgilze mdgariyo. maxloblad arsebuli Senobebidan gegmaze aseve aRniSnulia sameano institutis
nagebobebi g. meliqiSvilisa da m. kostavas quCebs Soris.
1924 wlis gegmaze
saproeqto ubanSi ukve sabolood aris Camoyalibebuli quCebis qseli, romelic
dRevandel mdgomareobas emTxveva. kerZod, aq ukve gamokveTilia m. kostavas
Sesaxvevi, romelic quCiSvilisa da m. kostavas quCebs akavSirebs.
1931 wels mdinare vereze
aSenda axali xidi, amave periodSi CamoiWra klde mdinaris misadgomebTan da
gafarTovda m. kostavas quCa.
saproeqto ubnis arqiteqturis
mxatvruli analizi
saproeqto teritoria _
ganaSenianeba g. quCiSvilisa da m. kostavas Sesaxvevis gadakveTasTan _
viTardeba mkveTrad damrec reliefze, ris gamoc doneTa sxvaoba g. quCiSvilisa da
m. kostavas Sesaxvevs Soris metad sagrZnobia. amis gamo es ori quCa erTmaneTs
ukavSirdeba kibiT.
quCiSvilis quCis
Tavdapirveli saxe amJamad sakmaod Secvlilia. adre aq arsebuli sacxovrebeli
saxlebis simaRle ar aRemateboda or-sam sarTuls. or mniSvnelovan saqalaqo
magistrals _ g. meliqiSvilsa da m. kostavas _ Soris moqceuli es mikro ubani
gamoirCeoda simyudroviT da kamerulobiT. g. quCiSvilis mimdebare rodenis quCaze
arsebuli i.nikolaZis saxlmuzeumi, m. kostavas Sesaxvevis bolos mdebare misive
saxelobis samxatvro skola da saswavlebeli kulturul-saganmanaTleblo funqcias
sZenda sacxovrebel ubans. am ori quCis
kuTxeSi mdebareobda sazogadoebrivi
daniSnulebis Senoba _ abanoc.
amJamad quCiSvilis quCam icvala, rogorc arqiteqturul-mxatvruli
saxe, aseve _ funqcia. axla aq mravalsarTuliani sastumroebis simravlea. XIX
s-is bolos gaSlili mSeneblobis dros SenarCunebuli quCis Zveli gegmareba dRes SeiZleba daikargos,
radgan arsebuli ganaSenianebisTvis damaxasiaTebel mcire nakveTebze ver ganxorcieldeba dagegmili msxvili
moculobebis ageba.
Zveli Senobebis ngreva
axlac mimdinareobs rodenis quCasa da g.
quCiSvilis quCas Soris moqceul teritoriaze. am adgilze axali mravalsarTuliani Senobis
agebaa gaTvaliswinebuli.
dabejiTebiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom QquCiSvilis
quCam dakarga Tavisi Tavdapirveli masStabi, struqtura da gamorCeuli xasiaTi.
daikarga is mxatvruli Rirebulebac, romelic ganaSenianebas ganumeorebel xibls
sZenda da unarCunebda mas veris ubnisaTvis damaxasiaTebel masStabs.
sruliad gansxvavebulia
saproeqto teritoriis sapirispiro mxare kostavas
Sesaxvevis mxridan, sadac quCis marcxena mxares ZiriTadad SenarCunebulia
XX saukunis dasawyisSi Camoyalibebuli ganaSenianeba. igi miuyveba sagrZnoblad
damrec reliefs, rasac upasuxebs nagebobebis sarTulianobis Semcirebis tendencia.
kostavas Sesaxvevis da
quCiSvilis quCis terasebi erTmaneTs ganieri moajiriani kibiT ukavSirdeba, romelic TviTmyofadobas da Tavisebur elfers sZens am
adgils. kibe-quCis dRevandeli saxe 1930-ian wlebs miekuTvneba da agrZelebs
Tbilisis reliefze Sefenili istoriuli ganaSenianebisTvis damaxasiaTebel QquCebis
mowyobis tradicias.
am kibis Tavidan iSleba
kostavas damreci Sesaxvevis plastiurad ganviTarebuli Sori perspeqtivi, romelic
rbilad Caedineba, gadakveTs mTavar magistrals (kostavas quCa), da auyveba sapirispiro mxaris aRmaval reliefs.
kostavas Sesaxvevis
ganaSenianeba uaRresad sainteresoa Tavisi sivrcul-gegmarebiTi gadawyvetiT. am
quCaze arsebuli TiTqmis yvela nageboba
mniSvnelovania rogorc mxatvrul-istoriuli, aseve _ memorialuri TvalsazrisiT:
kostavas II Sesaxvevi #1 ( XX s-is
30-iani ww ) _ 1945-64 ww. cxovrobda saqarTveloSi saWadrako skolis fuZemdebeli
viqtor gogliZe; kostavas II Sesaxvevi # 2 ( XX s-is dasawyisi) _ 1935-70
ww. cxovrobda kinoreJisori irakli
kandelaki.
m. kostavas Sesaxvevis
mxatvrul saxesa da masStabs gansazRvravs
kostavas quCis kuTxesTan mdgari samsarTuliani Senoba texili, erkeriani kuTxiT. es nageboba
sakmaod did adgils ikavebs Sesaxvevis qveda monakveTSi, gamoirCeva fasadebis saintereso
mxatvruli damuSavebiT da gegmarebiTi TvalsazrisiTac mniSvnelovan rols asrulebs
am mikroubanSi.
mis gverdiT mdgari, XX
s-is 20-iani wlebis aguris orsarTuliani Senoba (1930-ian wlebSi daSenebuli
mesame sarTuliT) sada fasadiT xels uwyobs kuTxis Senobis ukeT warmoCenas.
sagulisxmoa, rom am
Sesaxvevis sapirispiro kuTxeSi dgas
1950-iani wlebis Senoba, romelic miuxedavad gazrdili masStabisa,
erTgvarad, angariSs uwevs ubnis ganaSenianebis Camoyalibebul xasiaTs. am
Senobas agrZelebs damrec reliefze
ganTavsebuli 1930-iani wlebis oTxsarTuliani
qvis Senoba, romelic gamoirCeva mkacri arqiteqtonikiT da fasadis sada
damuSavebiT.
am SenobiT sruldeba kostavas Sesaxvevis
SedarebiT ganieri monakveTi. momdevno, orsarTuliani sacxovrebeli saxli aguris
Seulesavi fasadiT ekuTvnis am ubnis adreul SenobaTa ricxvs (XX s-is dasawyisi).
igi viwro fasadiT gamodis win da
miuTiTebs quCis Tavdapirvel siganeze.
mis sapirispirod mdgari XX
s-is dasawyisis orsarTuliani kuTxis saxli ori fasadiT gadis quCebis
gadakveTaze. nageboba gegmarebiTi da mxatvruli TvalsazrisiT agrZelebs XIX s-Si Camoyalibebuli Tbilisuri
saxlis arqiteqturul-mxatvrul kompozicias.
es nagebobac ayalibebs
mikroubnis quCaTa qsels _ Sesaxvevi am adgilas tydeba da marTi kuTxiT gadadis
kostavas II Sesaxvevisken. am SenobasTan sruldeba quCis aRmavali xazi da
gadadis mosworebul terasaze ganviTarebul kostavas II SesaxvevSi.
am Sesaxvevis
ganaSenianebaSi mkveTrad gamoirCeva XX s-is 10-ani wlebis samsarTuliani,
Seulesavi intensiuri wiTeli feris aguris Senoba
fasadis gansxvavebuli damuSavebiT. misi gegmareba agrZelebs Tbilisuri
sacxovreblis tradicias. aRsaniSnavia, rom ezosken arsebuli xis aivnebis
gaformebaSi SeiniSneba modernis stilis gavlena.
ganaSenianebis
damasrulebeli,
momdevno mravalsarTuliani sacxovrebeli
korpusi bolo wlebSia aSenebuli. misi mkveTr vertikals da betonis safasado
sibrtyes disonansi Seaqvs ubnis am monakveTis ganaSenianebaSi.
kostavas II SesaxvevSi
aRwerili mWidro ganaSenianeba ikavebs marcxena mxares. quCis persteqtivas
nawilobriv ketavs mis perpendikularulad ganviTarebuli i. nikolaZis saxelobis
samxatvro skolisa da saswavleblis Senoba. am monakveTSi xalvaTi ube iqmneba.
mWidro ganaSenianebis sapirispirod gaSlili sivrcea sasporto moedniT, romlis
miRma dgas xuTsarTuliani sacxovrebeli korpusi. 1960-ian wlebSi agebuli am
Senobis ZiriTadi fasadi gadasasvleli xidebiT ukavSirdeba zeda terasaze
ganviTarebul quCiSvilis quCas.
kibes marjvena mxridan emijneba 1930-iani
wlebSi agebuli abanos Senoba, romlis sada
arqiteqturuli gadawyveta konstruqtivizmis elementebs Seicavs.
swored es monakveTi
warmoadgens saproeqto teritorias. igi kostavas Sesaxvevisa da quCiSvilis
quCebis damakavSirebeli mniSvnelovani kvanZia.
daskvna da rekomendaciebi
saproeqto teritoria Qg.
quCiSvilisa da m. kostavas Sesaxvevs Sorisaa moqceuli. veris ubnis am
monakveTSi XIX s-is II naxevarSi soflis
tipis dasaxlebas nelnela cvlis qalaquri ganaSenianeba. 1867 wlis rukaze regularuli quCebiT Sevsebul monakveTebTan
erTad, Zveli, iregularuli gegmarebis fragmentebi ikveTeba. am periodis
nagebobebi ar SemorCa. dRevandeli ganaSenianebis adreuli nimuSebi XIX_XX ss.
mijnas da XX s-is dasawyiss miekuTvneba.
rogorc arqiteqturis
mxatvrulma analizma aCvena, saproeqto teritoriis areali rTul reliefze terasulad
ganTavsebul, erTmaneTTan kibiT dakavSirebul quCaTa sistemas moicavs, rac
damaxasiaTebelia Tbilisis istoriuli ubnebis ganaSenianebisTvis.
bolo wlebSi quCiSvilis
quCis arqiteqturul-mxatvruli saxe
mkveTrad Seicvala. rogorc ukve
aRvniSneT, daikarga misi Tavdapirveli masStabi da mxatvruli Rirebuleba. g.
quCiSvilis quCaze ukve agebuli mravalsarTuliani Senobebis simravle da mimdinare
samSeneblo procesi, Cans, mTlianad Seiwiravs am monakveTSi arsebul quCebis Zvel gegmarebas da dRemde SemorCenili
ganaSenianebis fragmentebs. sayuradReboa, rom
Zveli ganaSenianebidan jer kidev Semonaxulia Seulesavi aguris ori
saintereso nageboba _ g. quCiSvilis ##
8, 10, romelTa SenarCuneba Searbilebs mikro-ubnis uxeSi saxecvlis masStabs.
kostavas SesaxvevSi mdgari
XIX-XX saukunis mijnaze agebuli Senobebi (kostavas quCisa da Sesaxvevis kuTxis
erkeriani Senoba; kostavas Sesaxvevi ##
2, 3; kostavas II Sesaxvevi ## 2, 3 )
Tbilisuri tradiciuli sacxovreblis tipiuri nimuSebia, razec metyvelebs
samSeneblo masala, masStabi, sivrcul-gegmarebiTi gadawyveta da fasadebis
mxatvruli damuSaveba.
SenobaTa meore jgufi
(kostavas quCisa da Sesaxvevis kuTxis Senoba; kostavas Sesaxvevi # 1) XX
saukunis Sua wlebSia agebuli. es Senobebi
angariSs uwevs ukve Camoyalibebul istoriul-arqiteqturul garemos. ar xdeba arqiteqturuli formebis
meqanikuri gameoreba. miuxedavad imisa, rom maTi gadawyveta savsebiT
Seesabameba 1930-50-iani wlebisTvis damaxasiaTebel arqiteqturas, Senobebi Tavisi masStabiT, fasadebis
sisadaviT da mxatvruli gadawyvetiT kargad Caewera ukve arsebul ganaSenianebaSi.
saproeqto teritoriis
mimdebare arealis quCiSvilis quCis monakveTis Tavdapirveli arqiteqturuli saxe
da gegmarebiTi struqtura ganadgurebulia. am mxriv kostavas Sesaxvevis mxare jerjerobiT inarCunebs ubnis
Camoyalibebul arqiteqtrul-mxatvrul saxes.
yovelive amis
gaTvaliswinebiT, nebismieri Carevisas gansakuTrebuli sifrTxilis gamoCenaa
saWiro. axali moculobis gaCenis SemTxvevaSi yuradReba unda mieqces im
faseulobaTa dacvas, rac axasiaTebs am mikroubans:
·
gasaTvaliswinebelia moculobiTi erTeulebis da miwis nakveTebis raodenoba;
ar unda moxdes maTi gaerTianeba da gamsxvileba
·
angariSi unda gaewios reliefis Taviseburebas, rac ase kargad iyo
gaTvaliswinebuli bolo dromde ubnis ganviTarebis mTel manZilze
·
ar unda moxdes reliefis dafarva
·
sarTulianobis gansazRvrisas angariSi unda gaewios arsebul
ganaSenianebas
·
axali moculobebis fasadebis mxatvruli saxe, ritmuli danawevreba da
feradovneba ar unda arRvevdes kostavas Sesaxvevis Camoyalibebul xasiaTsa da
mxatvrul mTlianobas. upiratesoba unda mieniWos tradiciuli samSeneblo masalis
gamoyenebas
·
aucileblad unda iyos SenarCunebuli quCa-kibe, romelsac marjvena mxridan
emijneba saproeqto teritoria.
Tbilisi, veris ubani
saproeqto teritoriis
istoriul-arqiteqturuli
kvleva
ganaSenianeba p.
meliqiSvilis, S. RambaSiZis, g.
quCiSvilis,
i. nikolaZis quCebs Soris
moqceul teritoriaze
istoriul veris ubanSi mdebare saproeqto teritoria moicavs ganaSenianebas p. meliqiSvilis, S. RambaSiZis, g. quCiSvilisa da i. nikolaZis quCebs Soris.
es monakveTi Sedis T. WoveliZis quCasa da varazisxevs Soris moqceul qalaq Tbilisis gaSenebis regulirebis
zonaSi.
veris ubnis warmoSoba
da ganviTarebis istoria
dRevandeli veris ubnis teritoriaze,
Tbilisis gareubanSi Crdilo-dasavleTiT, XIX s-is bolo aTwleulebamde mdebareobda
sofeli vere. igi werilobiT wyaroebSi
ixsenieba XVIII s-dan. sofelma saxelwodeba miiRo mdinare veresgan (igive
skvireTi). batoniSvili vaxuStis aRweris Tanaxmad: "xolo koJris CrdiloT
kerZ ars skvireTis mdinare, aw wodebuli vere; gamosdis didgoris mTas, modis
aRmosavliT, erTvis mtkvars dasavleTidam, tfilisis Crdilod kerZ. SesarTavsa zeda
ars lurji monasteri".
XVIII s-Si sofel veres
samxreTis sazRvari gabanaanTxevze
gadioda (amJamindeli e. gabaSvilis quCis nawili), dasavleTidan _ vardisubanze
(dRevandeli "semionovkis" dasaxleba). CrdiloeTidan veres saburTalo
emijneboda, xolo aRmosavleTidan _ mdinare mtkvari.
sofeli vere mniSvnelovan
gzajvaredinze mdebareobda. Sua saukuneebSi aq gadioda Tbilisidan veris xevisken
wamosuli diRmis gza (dRevandeli m. kostavas quCa), XIX s-is dasawyisidan am
mimarTulebiT gadioda saqarTvelos samxedro gza. meore gza Tbilisidan wyneTisken
miemarTeboda (amJamindeli p. meliqiSvilis quCa).
mdinare vereze XVII s-is Suawlebidan arsebobda,
aguriTa da qviT nagebi oTxmaliani xidi.
am xids iqiT didi safosto Sose ramdenime mosaxveviT adioda mTaze, saidanac ukve
iwyeboda qalaquri dasaxleba. am teritoriaze
ixsenieba davrdomilTa TavSesafari, qalaqis saavadmyofo, safosto
ekipaJebis fabrika da sxva.
XIX s-is 60-ian wlebSi
qalaqis dasavleTis sazRvarma moskovis quCas (dRevandeli rusTavelis moednis
midamoebi) miaRwia, xolo mis miRma arsebuli sofeli vere ukve qalaqis gareubnad
iqca. amave saukunis bolo aTeul wlebSi Tbilisis ganaSenianebuli teritoria ukve varazis
xevamde gavrcelda.
Tbilisis 1867 wlis gegmaze
gareuban veres teritoriaze ukve daproeqtebulia momavali quCebis qseli, sadac
regularuli quCebiT Sevsebul monakveTebTan erTad Cans Zveli, iregularuli
gegmarebis fragmentebi, rac nawilobriv emTxveva saproeqto teritoriis mimdebare
g. quCiSvilis quCis monakveTs.
gamokveTilia i. nikolaZis, m. kostavas da g. quCiSvilis, o. rodenis quCebi.
1880-90-ian wlebSi
aRniSnul teritoriaze iwyeba intensiuri
ganaSenianeba da XX s-is dasawyisSi varazisxevamde aRwevs. 1884 wlis gegmaze es xevi vardisxevis
saxeliTaa datanili. XX s-is dasawyisSi p. meliqiSvilis quCasa da i. WavWavaZis
prospeqts xevze gadebuli xidi akavSirebda. varazisxevis qveda nawilis amovseba
1948 wlidan daiwyo da dasrulda 1957 wels. am dros sruldeba amJamad TbilisisTvis
ase mniSvnelovani saqalaqo magistralis Camoyalibeba, romelic akavSirebs vakes,
veras da saburTalos.
1913 wlis gegmaze ukve Cans
p. meliqiSvili quCa. 1924 wlis gegmaze saproeqto ubanSi sabolood aris formirebuli
quCebis qseli, romelic dRevandel mdgomareobas emTxveva.
saproeqto ubnis arqiteqturul-mxatvruli
analizi
ganaSenianeba p.
meliqiSvilis, S. RambaSiZis, g.
quCiSvilis, i. nikolaZis quCebs Soris moqceul teritoriaze viTardeba damrec
reliefze. saproeqto arealSi XIX s-is bolos da XX s-is dasawyisisYaraerTi saintereso Senoba dgas. bolo
xanebamde ZiriTadad SenarCunebuli iyo quCebis reliefTan morgebis tradiciuli
Tbilisuri struqtura, sacxovreblis tipebi da mxatvruli saxe, Tumca
bolodroindelma uxeSma Carevebma am ubansac ucvala saxe. gansakuTrebiT dazaralda
quCiSvilis quCa, romlis Tavdapirveli saxe amJamad xelyofilia warmoebuli
umasStabo axalmSeneblobebiT.
adre aq arsebuli
sacxovrebeli saxlebis simaRle ar aRemateboda or-sam sarTuls. mniSvnelovani saqalaqo magistralis _ p.
meliqiSvilis gamzirisa da g. quCiSvilis
quCas Soris moqceuli es mikroubani gamoirCeoda simyudroviT da kamerulobiT. saproeqto
teritoriis Zveli ganaSenianeba uaRresad sainteresoa Tavisi sivrcul-gegmarebiTi
gadawyvetiT. am monakveTSi arsebuli
TiTqmis yvela nageboba sainteresoa mxatvrul-istoriuli TvalsazrisiT.
dabejiTebiT SeiZleba
iTqvas, rom QquCiSvilis quCam dakarga Tavisi Tavdapirveli masStabi, struqtura
da gamorCeuli xasiaTi. daikarga is mxatvruli Rirebulebac, romelic Zvel
ganaSenianebas ganumeorebel xibls sZenda da unarCunebda mas veris ubnisaTvis
damaxasiaTebel masStabs. Seicvala quCiSvilis quCis, rogorc arqiteqturul-mxatvruli saxe, aseve _
funqcia. axla aq mravalsarTuliani sastumroebis simravlea. XIX s-is bolos am
teritoriaze Camoyalibebuli qalaquri tipis dasaxlebam SeinarCuna ufro Zveli urbanuli qsovilis fragmentebi, rac dRes msxvili moculobebis gaCenis gamo SeiZleba ukvalod daikargos. aRsaniSnavia,
rom quCebis es kvanZi erT-erTi uadresia am ubanSi. igi ukve gamokveTilia XIX
s-is rukebze da rogorc Cans, inarCunebs Zvel, Tavisufali gegmarebis fragments.
Zveli Senobebis ngreva axlac mimdinareobs o. rodenis quCasa da g. quCiSvilis quCas Soris moqceul
teritoriaze. am quCebis kuTxeSi axali
mravalsarTuliani Senobebi igeba, aman SeiZleba
sabolood Seiwiros o. rodenis plastikuri quCis texili, rac mniSvnelovani
danakargi iqneba veris ubnisTvis.
p. meliqiSvilis quCis
gaswvriv ganlagebuli individualuri saxis mqone,
gansxvavebuli simaRlis da moculobis Senobebi am ubnisTvis damaxasiaTebel
cocxal ritms qmnis, rac quCis am
monakveTs mxatvruli da urbanuli
RirebulebiT gamoarCevs.
saproeqto teritoriaze
ganTavsebul _ meliqiSvilis q. #11-dan #29-is CaTvliT monakveTSi arsebul SenobaTa
Soris Zeglis niSnis mqone nagebobis
statusi miniWebuli aqvs #11 da #13
nagebobas. am nagebobaTa urbanuli
mniSvneloba xazgasmulia p. meliqiSvilisa da g. quCiSvilis quCebis
damakavSirebeli patar-patara quCebisa da Sesaxvevebis kuTxeebSi mdgari Senobebis
saintereso, mravalferovani gadawyvetiT: momrgvalebulkuTxiani, texilabrisiani,
kurdoneriani da sxva. TiToeul saxls damoukidebeli, mcire zomis, myudro ezo aqvs
irgvliv Semovlebuli xis aivnebiT, raSic Cans Tbilisuri sacxovreblis tradiciebis
SenarCuneba da ganviTareba.
aseve mniSvnelovania i. nikolaZis quCaze XIX s-is bolos agebuli erT da orsarTuliani sacxovrebeli saxlebis rigi, romelic miuxedavad quCis sruliad saxecvlili sapirispiro mxarisa, Tavdapirvel masStabsa da xasiaTs unarCunebs ubans. aqve unda aRiniSnos i. nikolaZisa da o. rodenis quCebis saxlebisa da ezoebis struqturuli urTierTkavSiri. am saxlebis SesaniSnavi, xexiliani ezoebi aerTianebs or quCas da myudro oazisebs qmnis Zvel ubanSi.
aseve, aRsaniSnavia
memorialuri Senobebis siWarbe: RambaSiZis q. # 9 _ XIX-XX ss. cnobili qarTveli
msaxiobi qalis mako safarova-abaSiZis sacxovrebeli saxli; rodenis q. #6 _
cnobili qarTveli moqandakis i. nikolaZis saxl-muzeumi; nikolaZis q. #18 _ i.
nikolaZis sacxovrebeli saxli; p. meliqiSvilis #25 cnobili qarTveli
mean-ginekologis g. RambaraSvilis sacxovrebelo saxli da p. meliqiSvilisa da g.
quCiSvilis quCebis kuTxeSi mdebare saxli, sadac cxovrobda Tanamedrove
maTematikuri mecnierebis fuZemdebeli saqarTveloSi,
Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis erT-erTi
damaarsebeli a. razmaZe.
mikroubnis ganaSenianebaSi
SeiZleba gamoiyos mxatvruli TvalsazrisiT
SedarebiT naklebad Rirebuli Senobebi, romelTa fizikuri mdgomareoba sakmaod
mZimea.
SesaZlebelia maTi axali nagebobebiT Secvla. Tumca istoriul-mxatvruli Rirebulebis mqone, Camoyalibebul urbanul struqturaSi Careva gansakuTrebuli sifrTxiliT unda ganxorcieldes, miT ufro, rom dRes, am ubnisTvis damaxasiaTebeli Rirebuli nimuSebi fragmentulad aris SemorCenili. axali moculobis gaCenis SemTxvevaSi yuradReba unda mieqces im faseulobaTa dacvas, rac axasiaTebs am mikroubans.
rekomendaciebi saproeqto teritoriis ganviTarebisTvis
aRniSnuli ubani Sedis
qalaq Tbilisis gaSenebis saxelmwifo regulirebis zonaSi, axalmSeneblobebTan
dakavSirebiT gasaTvaliswinebelia garkveuli SezRudvebi:
·
SenarCunebuli unda iyos dagegmarebis struqtura da arqiteqturul-sivrcobrivi garemo, urbanuli
teritoriis istoriuli xasiaTi da yvela is masala, Tu elementi, romelic am
xasiaTs gamoxatavs. axali nagebobebis mxatvruli gadawyveta Sexamebuli unda iyos arsebul SenobebTan
·
daculi unda iyos istoriulad Camoyalibebuli urbanuli qsovili, romelic
gansazRvrulia quCebis qseliTa da TiToeuli ganaSenianebuli miwis nakveTis
konfiguraciiTa da zomiT
·
adaptaciis, an axali nagebobis mSeneblobisas angariSi unda gaewios
arsebul sivrciT organizacias _ gansakuTrebiT mis masStabsa da miwis nakveTis
zomas. ar unda moxdes miwis ramdenime sakadastro erTeulis gaerTianeba, an daqucmaceba. axali moculobebis gaCenam ar unda daarRvios ubnis istoriulad
Camoyalibebuli masStabi, gegmarebiTi struqtura da xasiaTi
·
SenarCunebuli unda iyos reliefis Tavisebureba, ar moxdes reliefis saxecvla
amgvari meTodologiur
midgomebi pasuxobs saerTaSoriso kanonmdeblobis moTxovnebsac, kerZod,
vaSingtonis qartias (1987w.).
miuxedavad imisa, rom
dRemde warmoebuli axalmSeneblobebis dros
aRniSnuli SezRudvebi ignorirebuli iqna, maTi gaTvaliswineba aucilebelia
ubnis ganaxlebisa da ganviTarebis
Semdgom procesSi.
gasaTvaliswinebelia urbanuli
memkvidreobis nimuSebisa da istoriul
garemoSi Tanamedrove dizainis CarTvis mimarT gamoxatuli pozicia (b. fildeni da
iu. iukileto), ris mixedviTac axal nagebobas unda gaaCndes:
·
ritmi, romelic harmoniulia garemomcveli ganaSenianebis, urbanuli ritmisa
da morfologiuri saxisa
·
masa, romelic SeTanadebulia konteqsts _ arc iseTi didi, rom daarRvios
istoriuli ubnis intimuri, adamianuri masStabi da iseTi, rom gamoiricxos
xelovnuri gaerTianeba miwis ramodenime nakveTisa erTi didi nagebobis
gansaTavseblad
igive moTxovnebia dayenebuli istoriul zonaSi axalmSeneblobebTan
dakavSirebul UNESCO - s rekomendaciaSi istoriuli nagebobebis jgufis Tanamedrove
rolis da maTi dacvis Sesaxeb (nairobi, 1976w.).
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