ძველი ვერის ისტორიული მიმოხილვა

yoveli   istoriulad  Camoyalibebuli qalaqi mxolod misTvis damaxasiaTebeli sulis mata- rebelia. es aris misi adgilis deda, adgilis suli, adgilis     mfarveli     RvTaeba, mfarveli angelozi, Genius Loci,   romelic ganfenilia mis bunebaSi, topografiaSi, istoriul nagebobaTa materialur    sxeulSi, SenobaTa Tavdapirvel azrSi, aRmSenebelTa SemoqmedebiT ostatobasa da fantaziaSi,sacxovrebelSi da adamianis suli- er wyobaSi, romelic am mTlianobis nawili da Semqmnelia.

Tbilisi rogorc      qalaqi uxsovari     droidan Camoyalibda. Tavisi uZvelesi quCaTa qseliT da sivrciTi organizaciis specifikuri xasiaTiT igi msoflios erT-erT TviTmyofad qalaqTa ricxvs miekuTvneba. xan sparselebis, xan arabebis, xan    xazarebis, monRolTa       Tu    bizantielebis xelSi myofi qalaqi mravaljer ganadgurda da aRdga.

md. mtkvris xidTan sfinqsi idga. misma mkveTelma da rkinigzis sadguriT qalaqSi SemosabrZanebel ZiriTad arteriaze damdgmelma kargad icoda da iqneb is sulic ki Caudga im usulo qvas, rac Tebelebma Tavis sfinqss, alayafis karTan rom idga da qalaqis Semomsvlelebs gamocanebs aZlevda. Tbilisi didi gamocanaa. mas kargad unda icnobde Tavisi warsuliT, awmyoTi da momavliT. Cvenc Tvali gadavavloT Tbilisis erT-erT ulamazes ubans –veras.                    

vere-vera, Tbilisis ubani, mdebareobs qalaqis Crdilo- dasavleTiT, mtkvris marjvena napirze. alaqis SemogarenSi pirvelad sityva ,,vere’’xevis saxelad –verisaxevi’’me- 13 saukuneSi gvxvdeba. aRniSnul xevSi moedineba mdinare vere, romelicmtkvars marjvena mxridan SeerTvis. mdinare veres qvemowelze, mtkvris siaxloves, me- 18 saukunis werilobiT wyaroebSi da specialur literaturaSi ixsenieba sofeli vere (vera). rodis gaCnda aq sofeli am saxeliT an zustad sad mdebareobda ar viciT. Tbilisisaken momavali mogzauri da mecnieri, botanikosi giuldenStedti qalaqis sanaxebis aRwerisas mxolod ,,veris xids’’ axsenebs, sofel veres Sesaxeb ki aras ambobs. es gvafiqrebinebs, rom dasaxelebuli punqti yovel SemTxvevaSi am dros mainc, xididan moSorebiT dasavleTidan unda yofiliyo (SeiZleba vivaraudoT dRevandeli universitetis midamoebSi).

      

  adreuli xanis veres Sesaxeb TiTqmis araferi viciT. xarvezs ramdenadme avsebs Zvel ,,veraze’’ mdgari dRevandlamde moRweuli xuroTmoZRvruli Zegli ,,ლურჯი მონასტერი’’.eklesia agebulia 12 immijnaze. s is periodia, roca Tbilisi erTiani Zlieri saqarTvelos dedaqalaqia. igi didi da nebieri qalaqia, romlis teritoria samxreTidan CrdiloeTisaken did farTobzea gadaWimuli. S. mesxia gamoTqvamda mosazrebas, rom ,,lurji monasteri’’ Tavdapirvelad, taZris agebisTanave qalaqis farglebSi iyo moTavsebuli. 

   

    ,,lurji monastris’’ samxreT kedelSi datanebul karis timpanze(karis damagvirgvinebel qvaze) arsebulma cxrastriqonianma warweram Semogvinaxa rogorc eklesiis Zveli saxeli (wminda andria) ise imaTi vinaoba, visi TaosnobiTac igi augiaT. esaa erisTavT- erisTavi, qarTlis amirT- amira abulasani, Zma qarTlis mTavarepiskoposyofili vasil iobis Zis. taZari vasils Tavis sagvareulo ,,saZvaled’’ augia. e. i. ,,wminda andrias’’ eklesia sagvareulo samarxi yofila.

      

  cnobilia, rom amirT- amiras saxelo mefis karze ganviTarebul Sua saukuneebis saqarTveloSi erT-erTi udidesia; mis mpyrobels xeli qalaqis sanaxebzec miuwvdeboda. saeWvoa abulasans Tavisi ,,saZvale’’ qalaqis farglebSi aego. advili dasaSvebia rom veres-skoreTis xevi amiraT-amiras sammkvidreo mamulia, romelic umoklesi gziT Sida qarTls akavSirebda TrialeTTan. man, rogorc am xevis mflobelma mis qvemo welze sagvareulo ,,saZvale’’aago.

  

  me-16 saukuneSi mefe simon pirvelis mier gacemul sigelSi moxseniebulia ,,varis xevis ‘’ taruRa. Calke soflis saxelad ,,veres’’-s vxvdebiT 18 s.-Si. igi sagabaSvilo mamulia.

 

 gabaSvilTa gvars Tbilisis piras pirvelad 16s. vxvdebiT. kerZod, mTawmindaze wminda daviTis saxelze agebul eklesiasTan dakavSirebiT. 1542w. Sedgenili sabuTis mixedviT, aq eklesia augiaT Zmebs –nikoloz da daviT gabaSvilebs.

                                               

  veres adreuli saxelia skvireTi, skoreTi.

  vaxuSti bagrationi ambobs, ,,xolo koJoris Crdilo kerZ ars skvreTis mdinare, aw wodebuli vere; gamosdis didgoris mTas, modis aRmosavliT,erTvis mtkuars dasavlidam, tfilisis CrdiloT kerZ. SesarTavsa zeda ars lurji monasteri’’.

 Pirvelad skvireTs leonti mrovelTan vxvdebiT, roca igi mogviTxrobs qarTlis samefos adreul istoriaze. qarTvelTa eTnarqs qarTloss xuTi vaJi hyavda da TiToeuls Tavisi sagamgeblo qveyana –mxare misca. mexuTe vaJs gaCios wilad xvda ,,orbis cixe da skvireTi mdinariTgan vidre Tavadmde abocisa’’. Semdeg mematiane farnavaz mefesTan dakavSirebiT mefis mier mxareTmpyrobelTaTvis samamgeblo teritoriebis CamoTvlisas gadmogvcems, rom ,,meoTxe gagzavna samSvildis  erisTavad, da misca skvreTisa mdinariTgan vidre mTamde, romel ars taSir da aboci.

 

  skvireTis xevze ido, didgorisa da manglisis xevze gavliT, TrialeTSi mimavali erT-erTi umoklesi gza. ,,matiane qarTlisa’’ gvamcnobs, rom ,,iyo mas Jamsa erisTavad kldekarTa rati, da hqonda cixe atenisa da qarTlisagan mtkuarsa samxriT kerZo yovelive, TrialeTi, manglis-xevi da skvreTi’’. es moxda me-10 saukuneSi. aqve unda aRiniSnos rom skvireTis, Semdgomi drois veres xeobam momdevno xanaSic ar dakarga Tavisi mniSvneloba, rogorc erT-erTma strategiulma gzam. mas sagangebod gamoyofili meomarTa jgufi e. w. yarauli uTvalTvalebda, rom am gziT mteri moulodnelad Tavs ar dasxmoda qarTvelTa jars da, upirveles yovlisa, qalaq Tbiliss. ,,q.laSqarnivisebo verios xevis yarauls RvTisias Svils qalaqis piris morigidam sami morige miecaT erTis Tves iyaraulon. aprils, iv,  qsk uoe erekle’’. sabuTi Sedgenilia 1787 w. damowmebuli sabuTi imiTacaa sayuradRebo rom qalaqispirs Tavisi morige jaric hyolia. 

 skoreTi JamTaaRmwerelTan orjer gvxvdeba, oRond ,,skoreTis’’ formiT, demetre meore Tavdadebuls sami coli hyavda, trapizonis mefis komnenosTa asulTan SeeZina oTxi vaJiSvili;daviT, vaxtang, laSa, manoel da erTi asuli rusudan. urdoSi mimaval demetre mefes Tan wauyvania vaJiSvili daviTi; xolo imis Semdeg, rac yaenis brZanebiT ,,warkueTes mefes dimitris Tavi’’, misi mravalricxovani ojaxi daSlila da mimofantula. Mamis sikvdilis Semdeg daviTi urdoSi darCenila taCar noinTan, vaxtangs mTiuleTisaTvis Seufarebia Tavi, laSa da manovel dedofals xlebian, romlisTvisac sarCod ,,skoreTis xevi’’ miuciaT. JamTaaRmwereli gadmogvcems, rom ,,dedofali daSTa skoreTs’’. es faqti miuTiTebs imaze,rom aq sasaxle, mefeTa sadgomi yofila. ,,skoreTi’’ erT garkveul punqts ar erqmeoda, igi krebiT saxelad Cans iseve, rogorc misi Semcvleli mogviano xanis ,,vere’’.

 

 sofel veres  sazRvrebze me-18 s. sigel- gurjebSi daculi cnobebi konkretulad aras gvamcnoben.dadgenili mijnebi ufro qalaqTan axlos mdebare sagabaSvilo mamuls exeba, vidre konkretulad sofel veres. am dros vere ufro zogadi saxeli iyo da moicavda amJamindel saburTalos, deliss, vakes (aRsaniSnavia, rom CamoTvlili adgilebis gansaxleba-ganaSeneba,ukve meramdenejer, iwyeba me-19 me-20 s-Si. am mosazrebas mxars unda uWerdes vaxuStis ,,aRweraSi’’ moTavsebuli soflebis sia. iq, sadac veris xevis soflebia CamoTvlili, sofeli vere moxseniebuli araa.

 me-18 s. vere Semoifargleboda samxreTidan gabaanTxeviT, dasavleTidan semionovkis dasaxlebiT, CrdiloeTidan saburTaloTi, aRmosavleTidan mtkvriT.

 Tu ra teritoriaze miuwvdebodaT xeli gabaSvilebs, gvamcnobs me-18 s. sigel-gurjebi,,q. ese wigni mogec me gabaSvilma, revazma Sen, gabaSvilsa samadavlesa, daviTasa. ase rom dameWira da Cemi mesamedi wili mamuli giraoT mogeci veres gaRma qeqoti, saburTala, grdelisi, Txilovana’’. ,,mogyide Cemi wili romelic sagabaSviloSi mqonda imisi naxevari… saburTalo mindvramdis, an kidev, ,,mogyide Cemi mamuli sagabaSviloSi meeqvsedi veras gamoRma Tu veris gaRma, sadamdinac sagabaSvilos mamulis samZRvaria…Tavisi sawylis piroTi mTiTa, bariTa, veliTa, venaxiTa da sasaflaoTi’’. garda gabaSvilebisa, veraze mamulebi hqondaT TviT verelebsa da qalaqelebsac, aq gaSenebuli baR-venaxebi irwyveba mdinare veredan gamoyvanili arxebiTa da ruebiT, agreTve sagubrebidan da auzebidan gamoyvanili milebiT, ,,Cveni samkvidro mamuli vereze miwa sarwyavSi’’,anda ,, …zemoT rumdin mogyideT’’.

 Veraze baR-venaxebis da yanebis garda bevri wisqvilicaa. maTi mflobelebi arian qalaqis meliqi darCia, Tbileli, orbelianebi, meliqiSvili, yorRanaSvili da sxv. veraze da saerTod qalaqis siaxloves wisqvilTa simravle maCvenebelia maTi sarfianobisa. wisqvili did Semosavals iZleoda, amitomac misi mepatrone iyo ara marto ubralo moqalaqe, anda vaWari, mis mesakuTreobas Takilobdnen mefeni da Tavadaznaurobac.

 dokumentis- ,,qalaqis mouravis sargos’’ mixedviT, qalaqis mouravs Tavisi wili veris baRebidanac ergeboda.

 veraze ,,lurji monastris’’ garda mdgara kidev erTi eklesia, romlis nangrevebs me-19 s. 70-ian wlebamde mouRwevia. eklesiis Sesaxeb metad saintereso cnobebs gvawvdis  1877 w. Jurnal ,,droebaSi’’moTavsebuli ,,dRiuri’’ ,,erTi veris mcxovreblisgan miviReT Cven Semdegi SeniSvna, romelzedac Cveni arxeologiur sazogadoebis yuradRebas mivaqcevT; verazed, Reneral yorRanovis saxlebis gverdiT, patara titlikana goraze sdgas erTi rgvali kedeli, romelsac eqneba simaRle saJen naxevari da sigane irgvliv sami saJeni. aq modian mravali dedakacebi, loculoben, samTels, sakmevels da nair –nair nivTebsa, fulebsa swiraven da vis miaqvs yvela eseni kacma ar icis. amboben, rom am ormoci wlis winaT am alagas Zveli eklesia da xalxi dadioda Turme da loculobda. Semdeg, miwis Txris dros, kedlebi CamouqceviaT da patronobac aRaravis gauwevia. aq erTi patara gaTlili qva upoviaT, romelzedac werebula,,aSenda ese wm. estates eklesia RvTisagan kurTxeulisa da amaRlebulisa saqarTvelos dedoflis Tamaris brZanebiT’’ am Zeglis Sesaxeb platon ioseliansac aqvs naTqvami, rom igi ,,lurji monastris’’ mrevlisTvis iyo agebuli.

 

 Zvel veraze gadioda qalaqidan wamosuli ,,diRmis gza’’-erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi saqalaqTaSoriso da saqaravno gza. Igi gadioda veris xevze, qviTa da qarTuli aguriT nageb oTxmalian ,,veris xidze’’, romlis Sesaxebac vaxuSti bagrationi ambobs,,verasa zeda ars xidi didi qvitkirisa’’.igi me- 17 saukuneSi augia rostom mefis dros moRvawe zarafTuxucess xoja behbudas (Tavad bebuTaSvilebis winapars). amitomac es xidi behbudas xidis saxeliTac iyo cnobili. SemdgomSi gildenStedti gvamcnobs, rom veris xevis nakadulze aris ,,qvis xidi’’. veris xidi me-19 s. ukve aRar akmayofilebda mzard samimosvlo moTxovnebs amitom igi jer 1850 wels SeakeTes, 1856 w. ki xidis qvis Zveli parapeti-SemomzRudavi kedeli moxsnes da xis trotuarebiT da moajiriT Secvales. Raki es xis trotuari da moajiri xidis kedlebs gareT gamodioda, xidi gafarTovda da misi gamtanunarianoba gaizarda. veris Zveli xidis sigrZe 70 m, xolo sigane ki daaxloebiT 6 m iyo. veris Zvelma xidma, rogorc moqmdma 1932 wlamde iarseba. 1981 wels Catarebuli gmirTa moednis rekonstruqciis dros gadaixura. mtkvarze 1885 wels aigo sammaliani rkinis xidi qvis burjebze.(inJineri umanski). Qalaqis saTaTbiroSi bevrs daobdnensad ufro adre unda aSendes xidi veraze Tu muxranis quCasTano. bevri xmosani muxranis xidis upiratesobas amtkicebda. veris xidis aqtiuri damcveli iyo niko nikolaZe. mas naTlad hqonda gaTvaliswinebuli, rom qalaqis ganviTarebis erTaderTi realuri mimarTuleba aqeT iyo da rom sul male am xidis gareSe SeuZlebeli iqneboda qalaqis normaluri funqcionireba. xidis agebas mohyva axali quCis-veris daRmarTis gaCena. veris xidiT CrdiloeTisaken mzardi qalaqis ubani daukavSirda mtkvris marcxena napirze axal da ganaSenianebul e. w. ,,germanelTa kolonias’’, axal kukias, didubesa da rkinigzis sadgurs. xidze transportis gatarebisaTvis dawesebuli iyo gadasaxadi-5kap.(gauqmda 1915 w.)iarseba 1953 wlamde. Semdeg igi Seicvala axali-galaqtionis xidiT.roca veris xidis rekonstruqcia iwyeboda, galaqtions aleqsandre cimakuriZisTvis(mxatvari) uTxovia mdinaris piras lamazi xeebi damixate, vidre moWridneno.